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1. Sensation The detection of signals in the environment by sensory receptors in the body 2. Perception The organization and interpretation of this information 3. Signal detection theory Studies the extent to which we notice things based on a sensory process and a decision process

1. What is stress? A state of physical and mental tension in response to a situation that is perceived as a threat or challenge 2. What is a stressor? A factor that produces stress 3. What is a stress response? The physiological and behavioral changes that take place when a person is presented with a stressor.

1. Homeostasis internal balance 2. Distress negative stress or a negative reaction to stress 3. Eustress positive stress or a positive reaction to stress

1. Which medication is used to treat spasticity? Baclofen (Lioresal) is a skeletal-muscle relaxant that is used to treat spasticity in a patient who has suffered a stroke or other neurological disorders that produce spasticity. Spasticity is caused when the upper motor neurons fail to exert an inhibitory effect on the lower motor neurons. 2. A patient newly diagnosed with myasthenia gravis (MG) is started on neostigmine (Prostigmin). What is the correct nursing intervention for this patient? ...

1. An older adult with pneumonia is experiencing a cough that is disrupting rest and sleep. Which types of medication should the nurse expect to administer to this patient to promote sleep and rest? Select all that apply. codeine guaifenesin 2. What are the adverse effects of echinacea? Select all that apply. dizziness headache dermatitis

1. The patient is taking a nonselective adrenergic agonist bronchodilator and has a history of coronary artery disease. What is a priority nursing intervention? Monitoring patient for potential chest pain 2. Which laboratory test would give the most accurate evidence of a diabetic patient's treatment compliance and glucose management over the past few months? Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 3. Which is the drug of choice to treat diabetes insipidus? Desmopressin [DDAVP] 4. The nurse is aw...

1. Which statements about medication should the nurse identify as true? Select all that apply. All drugs have the potential to produce undesired effects. Drug therapy often can be enhanced by nonpharmacologic measures. The more drugs a patient takes, the more likely a drug interaction will occur. Patient adherence is essential in achieving the therapeutic objective of medications.

1. The nurse finds that a patient discontinued drug therapy due to an inability to afford the medications. As a result, the expected patient goals were not met. What action does the nurse take? A) The nurse assesses the patient's needs and develops new goals. B) The nurse implements new nursing interventions to meet the goals. C) The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis for the patient's condition. D) The nurse informs the patient about the consequences of noncompliance A) The nurse ass...

1. Which of the following reflects a nurse's responsibility when a drug is prescribed for a client? Select all that apply. A) Administering the drug to the client B) Monitoring for therapeutic response C) Checking for drug-drug interactions D) Reporting adverse reactions E) Teaching the client information needed to administer drugs safely at home Ans: A, B, D, E Feedback: When a drug is prescribed to a client, the nurse is responsible for the administration of the drug, monitoring for t...

. The nurse clarifies that the end product of carbohydrate metabolism is absorbed and put into the blood stream by the: a. gastric lining of the stomach. b. villi of the small intestine. c. bile of the liver in the large intestine. d. excretion from the cecum. ANS: B The inner surface of the small intestine contains millions of tiny, fingerlike projections called villi, which contain small blood vessels. They are responsible for absorbing the products of digestion. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive...

CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH A GALLBLADDER, LIVER, BILIARY TRACT, OR EXOCRINE PANCREATIC DISORDER 1. The nurse clarifies that unconjugated bilirubin, which is made up of broken-down red cells, is: a. stored in the gallbladder to make bile. b. water insoluble bilirubin that must be converted by the liver. c. a by-product which is excreted directly into the bowel for excretion. d. necessary for digestion of fats. ANS: B Unconjugated bilirubin is a water-insoluble product that must be converted ...

CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH A CARDIOVASCULAR OR A PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISORDER 1. The nurse is aware that the muscle layer of the heart, which is responsible for the heart's contraction, is the: a. endocardium. b. pericardium. c. mediastinum. d. myocardium. d. myocarrdium

CMS PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED 2021 1. A nurse is reviewing a client's 0800 Laboratory values at 1100. The nurse notes that the client received heparin at 1100. Which of the following laboratory values warrants an incident report? aPTT 90 seconds 2. A nurse is caring for a client who develops an anaphylactic reaction to IV antibiotic administration. After assessing a client's respiratory status and stopping the medication infusion, which of the following actions should the nurse take next? Adm...

Pharmacology A- test 2 with rationales 1. A nurse is caring for a client who is to receive 0.9% sodium chloride at a rate of 1L q 8hr. The drip factor shown on the package of IV tubing is 15gtt/mL the nurse should regulate the IV to deliver how many gtt/min (nearest whole) 31 gtt/min 2. A nurse is administering donepezil to a client who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following documented findings should the nurse report to the provider immediately? Dys...

Pharmacology assessment 2022 1. A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who is receiving heparin via continuous IV infusion for deep-vein thrombosis. The nurse should discontinue the medication infusion for which of the following client findings? A) Potassium mEq/L B) aPTT times the control C) Hemoglobin g/dL D) Platelets 96,000/mm^3 D) Platelets 96,000/mm^3 2. A nurse is preparing to administer dextrose 5% in water (D5W) 400 mL IV to infuse over 1 hr. The drop factor of the ...

Pharmacology Version A 2021 1. A client is receiving a second dose of IV cefazolin postoperatively. The nurse notes urticaria, dyspnea, anxiety, and hypotension. Which of the following should the nurse anticipate administering? Parenteral Epi 2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is diagnosed with migraine headaches. The client is prescribed ergotamine sublingual. Which of the following should the nurse include in her instructions? Take one tablet at onset...

1. A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving intravenous therapy. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as a manifestation of fluid volume excess? a. Decreased bowel sounds b. Distended neck veins c. Bilateral muscle weakness d. Thread pulse b. Distended neck veins

The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze a case study involving a patient named Mrs. Wong with the end goal of diagnosing her and developing a management plan of care for her with the incorporation of the national diabetes guidelines. The subsequent sections of this paper are: Assessment, Plan, Medication Costs, SOAP Note, and Conclusion. The assessment will include a primary, secondary and differential diagnosis, the rationale for selecting each diagnosis, the pathophysiology of e...

A 78 year old client is admitted to the emergency department with numbness and weakness of the left arm and slurred speech. Which nursing intervention is priority? * 1/1 Prepare to administer recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Discuss the precipitating factors that caused the symptoms. Schedule for A STAT computer tomography (CT) scan of the head. Notify the speech pathologist for an emergency consult.

1. Florence Nightingale’s contributions to nursing practice and education: a. are historically important but have no validity for nursing today. b. were neither recognized nor appreciated in her own time. c. were a major factor in reducing the death rate in the Crimean War. d. were limited only to the care of severe traumatic wounds. ANS: C By improving sanitation, nutrition ventilation, and handwashing techniques, Florence Nightingale’s nurses dramatically reduced the death rate from...