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1. What is the fundamental shift in perspective associated with trauma- informed care (TIC)? A. Asking "What is wrong with you?" to "What are your symptoms?" B. Asking "What is wrong with you?" to "What happened to you?" C. Focusing on curing the trauma completely D. Ignoring the past to focus on the future Correct Answer: B. Asking "What is wrong with you?" to "What happened to you?" life experiences. Rationale: TIC requires a paradigm shift from bla...

1. What is the primary goal of a suicide risk assessment? A. To identify the level of risk and guide intervention B. To diagnose a psychiatric disorder C. To prescribe medication D. To discharge the patient quickly Correct Answer: A. To identify the level of risk and guide intervention Rationale: The primary purpose is to evaluate current risk and determine appropriate safety interventions. 2. Which validated tool is commonly used for suicide screening in EDs? A. Glasgow Coma Scale B. ...

1. According to the updated 2026 ACOG and SMFM guidelines, what is the clinical definition of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) regardless of the route of delivery? A. Cumulative blood loss ≥ 500 mL in vaginal delivery or ≥ 1000 mL in Cesarean delivery B. Cumulative blood loss ≥ 1000 mL or blood loss accompanied by signs or symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 hours after birth C. Any blood loss requiring a transfusion of packed red blood cells D. Blood loss that causes a drop in hematocrit o...

1. A nurse is conducting a physical assessment of a newly admitted client. Which of the following observations made during the "General Survey" is classified as a behavior assessment rather than a physical appearance assessment? A. The client has symmetrical facial features and upright posture. B. The client's skin is warm and dry, with no visible lesions. C. The client maintains eye contact during the interview and responds in a cooperative tone. D. The client is wearing clean, s...

1. A nurse is explaining the difference between active and passive immunity to a parent. Which of the following examples best illustrates passive immunity? A. An infant producing antibodies in response to a DTaP immunization. B. A toddler recovering from a wild varicella infection and developing lifelong antibodies. C. An infant receiving maternal antibodies across the placenta and through breast milk. D. A school-age child receiving an mRNA vaccine that stimulates spike protein production....

1. Which of the following clinical observations best illustrates the cephalocaudal pattern of growth and development in an infant? A. An infant learns to control head movements and lift the chest before obtaining the muscle control needed to sit unsupported. B. A infant is able to reach for a toy with the entire arm before being able to grasp it using a fine pincer movement. C. An infant coos and babbles before producing recognizable words. D. An infant's trunk grows more rapidly than ...

1. Under the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) framework, the "Safety" competency is defined as minimizing the risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance. Which of the following nursing actions best demonstrates this competency? A. Memorizing the hospital's policy manual and refusing to deviate in any clinical scenario. B. Utilizing standard communication tools, participating in active safety reporting, and evalu...

1. A nurse is conducting a staff educational seminar on the differences between palliative care and hospice care. Which statement by a participant indicates a correct understanding of these healthcare models? A. "Palliative care is only initiated when the client has less than 24 hours to live." B. "Hospice care allows concurrent curative treatments, whereas palliative care does not." C. "Palliative care can be provided at any stage of a serious illness alongside curative trea...

1. A nurse is describing the scope of nursing informatics to a group of new nursing graduates. According to the American Nurses Association (ANA), how should nursing informatics be defined? A. The use of social media and email to coordinate patient care. B. A specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. C. The process of coding diagnoses for billing and insurance p...

1. What is considered the primary legal purpose of the patient's medical record in a court of law during a nursing malpractice lawsuit? A. To verify the hospital's financial billing and reimbursement claims. B. To provide a communication channel between physicians and family members. C. To serve as evidence of the standard of care provided to the patient, based on the legal maxim "If it was not charted, it was not done." D. To document the personal opinions and feelings of the ...

1. A term infant is born vaginally. What is the immediate first-line nursing action to support the infant's transition to extrauterine life? A. Clamp and cut the umbilical cord within 10 seconds B. Place the infant under a radiant warmer and suction the mouth and nose with a bulb syringe C. Assess the heart rate and respiratory effort for 1 full minute D. Place the infant skin-to-skin on the mother's abdomen/chest, dry with a warm towel, and stimulate breathing Correct Answer: D. Pl...

1. What is the primary characteristic of true labor contractions? A. They decrease with ambulation B. They cause progressive cervical dilation and effacement C. They are felt exclusively in the abdomen D. They occur at irregular intervals Correct Answer: B. They cause progressive cervical dilation and effacement Rationale: True labor contractions bring about progressive cervical changes, unlike false labor. 2. Which fetal heart rate finding is considered a reassuring sign? A. Late decel...

1. A nurse is reviewing the SBAR communication tool. Which of the following correctly identifies the components of the SBAR acronym? A. Symptom, History, Assessment, Referral B. Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation C. Status, Behavior, Action, Response D. Severity, Biological factors, Analysis, Remediation Correct Answer: B. Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation Rationale: SBAR is a standardized communication framework recommended by safety organizations to facili...

1. A 32-week gestation patient presents to the triage unit with a blood pressure of 162/114 mmHg, severe frontal headache, and visual scotoma. Which of the following is the priority first-line nursing intervention? A. Administer oral nifedipine 10 mg immediately B. Initiate a loading dose of intravenous Magnesium Sulfate per protocol C. Obtain a 24-hour urine collection for protein assessment D. Perform a non-stress test (NST) to evaluate fetal well-being Correct Answer: B. Initiate a loa...

1. An 82-year-old female client is admitted to the gerontological unit. The nurse notes a significant loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, slow walking speed, and a subjective complaint of severe fatigue. The nurse documents this syndrome of muscle mass loss as which of the following? A. Sarcopenia B. Cachexia C. Senile osteopenia D. Myasthenia gravis Correct Answer: A. Sarcopenia Rationale: Sarcopenia is defined as the age-associated, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, stre...

1. A nurse manager is presenting a seminar on Evidence-Based Practice (EBP). Which of the following best defines the three core pillars of Sackett's model of EBP? A. Hospital policy, physician preferences, and clinical budgets. B. Best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences. C. Historical traditions, nursing intuition, and legal guidelines. D. EHR data, quality metrics, and peer consensus. Correct Answer: B. Best research evidence, clinical expertise, ...

1. A client diagnosed with advanced stage lung cancer decides to refuse further chemotherapy treatments, preferring to focus on palliative comfort care. The client's family strongly objects and demands that the oncology team continue treatment. Which ethical principle is the nurse primarily protecting when supporting the client's decision? A. Beneficence B. Autonomy C. Non-maleficence D. Justice Correct Answer: B. Autonomy Rationale: Autonomy represents the client's right to se...

1. A hospital is responding to a mass casualty incident following a building collapse. The facility activates the Hospital Incident Command System (HICS). Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of HICS? A. To establish a rigid hierarchy that prevents staff nurses from taking initiative. B. To provide a standardized, scalable organizational structure that facilitates emergency communication, resource allocation, and management. C. To replace all local hospital policies wi...

1. A Registered Nurse (RN) is planning the care workload for a medical-surgical unit. Which statement best defines the concept of delegation in nursing practice? A. The transfer of authority, responsibility, and accountability for a task to another peer. B. The transfer of the performance of an activity from one individual to another, while the delegating RN retains accountability for the outcome. C. The division of labor among staff members where everyone is responsible for their own patie...

1. What is the primary goal of verbal de-escalation in a clinical setting? A. To establish dominance over the patient B. To safely reduce the patient's level of agitation and prevent physical interventions C. To quickly medicate the patient D. To force the patient to comply with unit rules Correct Answer: B. To safely reduce the patient's level of agitation and prevent physical interventions Rationale: The primary objective of de-escalation is to build a therapeutic alliance that ...