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List 2 causes of left-sided and right-sided heart failure - Answer Left = Iscehmic heart disease, valve disease, pericarditis, systemic hyper tension (many causes include kidney disease, atherosclerosis in the systemic arteries) Right = Left-sided failure, valve disease, pericarditis, pulmonary hypertension (multiple causes including COPD's like emphysema) What are the forward effects of heart failure? - Answer Decreased cardiac output leads to renal compensation through the activ...

Pathos - Answer Suffering Logia - Answer To study Pathology - Answer The study of the nature and cause of human disease Disease - Answer An abnormal condition that affects the body of an organism Aetiology - Answer The cause of a disease or condition Pathogenesis - Answer The way a disease develops Two categories of aetiology - Answer - Inherited / congenital - Acquired The cellular events, changes and reactions instigated by the aetiology that alter no...

Why do people with cirrhosis & liver failure develop ascites? Cirrhosis Liver Failure - Answer Cirrhosis: Portal hypertension - congestion - increase hydrostatic pressure - oedema (transudate) & ascites Liver Failure: Reduced synthesis of plasma proteins - reduced colloidal pressure - oedema (transudate) & ascites List 2 possible consequences of having a chronic gastritis/gastric ulcer: - Answer Pain, scarring & obstruction, cancer, chronic blood loss & anaemia, massive blood loss, ...

What acute & chronic effects can atherosclerosis of the carotid/cerebral arteries have on the brain? - Answer 1. inflammation in the wall of an artery > arterial disease > athersclerosis 2. In arteries predisposes us to thrombus, embolus and aneurysm (define each) 3. Even if it doesn't cause stroke, it's going to decrease blood supply to the brain > accelerated atrophy > could lead to vascular dimensia or predispose to subdural hematoma 4. Emergency: could lead to ...

Congestion - Answer Passive build up of blood within a vessel, which increases hydrostatic pressure. Haemorrhage - Answer Damage to a blood vessel and all constituents of blood are leaking from the vessel. Thrombus - Answer Is an attached blood clot to the wall of a vessel or heart chamber Embolus - Answer Anything undissolved travelling in the blood Aneurysm - Answer Localised abnormal ballooning out or dilation of an artery/ vessel or ventricle wall of the heart A...

cell membrane - Answer thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell homeostasis - Answer process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment phospholipid - Answer A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids; consists of a hydrophilic polar head and two non-polar hydrophobic tails; forms cell membranes. lipid bilayer - Answer a thin membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules diffusion - Answer the...

what are 3 hormone types? - Answer - peptide (made of amino acids) - lipid derived hormones (steroids) - monoamine hormones (aromatic amino acids like tyrosine) what are the 3 hormone interactions? - Answer synergistic, permissive, antagonistic what diseases do excess GH lead to? - Answer acromegaly (adults), gigantism (children) what diseases do chronic elevated GH lead to? - Answer diabetes, congestive heart failure, increased risk of GIT cancer, arthritis what are ...

example of epithelial cell type - Answer skin, alveoli example of connective cell type - Answer osteoblasts (bone), chondrocyte (cartilage) example of 'others' cell type - Answer bone marrow, germ cells define labile cells and example - Answer continuously dividing cells e.g. epithelial cells define stable cells - Answer divide when stimulated e.g. smooth muscle define permanent cells - Answer non-dividing cells e.g. skeletal myocytes Describe m...

List the main causes & potential consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). - Answer PID is usually caused by STIs like gonorrhoea and chlamydia and is a common result of these. Consequences include ectopic pregnancies, infertility sepsis and intestinal obstructions. Define Neoplasia - Answer an abnormal growth of cells in the body Define Tumour - Answer uncontrolled abnormal growth of cells in the body usually denoting swelling Malignancy - Answer if the neoplasm is...

Define types of cellular adaptation & explain when these processes are not possible/reversible. - Answer Hyperplasia - Cells divide and increase in number. Metaplasia - Changes from one well differentiated cell type to another. Atrophy - Decrease in cell size. Hypertrophy - Increase in cell size. Describe the main differences between apoptosis & necrosis. - Answer Apoptosis - Active process, programmed cell suicide, slow process, doesn't kill neighbouring cells. Necrosis - Pass...

Skin, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, liver, kidney, reproductive tracts - Answer Give some examples of cell types that are considered epithelial Myocytes (muscle cells), fibroblasts, collagen and fat, endothelium, bone - Answer Give some examples of cell types that are considered connective Mesothelial cells, melanocytes, germ cells, lymphoid tissues, haemopoietic stem cells, brain tissue - Answer What are some cell tissues that are not connective or epithelial Labile= continuo...

Atrophy - Answer Reduction in tissue size. Apoptosis - Answer Controlled, active form of cell death. Autophagy - Answer Reduce in cell size. Hyperplasia - Answer Increase in cell number. Hypertrophy - Answer Increase in cell size. Metaplasia - Answer Change from one normal adult cell type to another. Active and reversible. Necrosis - Answer Passive form of cell death that damages surrounding cells. Causes acute inflammation. Infarction - Answer An are...

Import the data from the source file MoreR located in the GMetrixTemplates folder. Load the Diving_Rentals data to a new worksheet. (Accept all other defaults) - Answer 1. Click the Data tab. 2. In the Get & Transform Data group, click Get Data, then select From File, then select From XML. 3. Browse to the GMetrixTemplates folder. 4. Select the MoreR file and click the Import button. 5. In the Navigator pop-up window, select Diving_Rentals. 6. At the bottom of the pop-window, click the d...

1 Exam (elaborations) NSG 3100 Midterm Exam 2 Questions And 100% Correct Answers. 2 Exam (elaborations) NSG 3100 Vital signs- Temp Questions And All Correct Answers. 3 Exam (elaborations) NURSING 3100 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SCORED A+. 4 Exam (elaborations) NSG 3100- Ch 5-9 Nursing Process Latest Exam Questions And Already Passed Answers.

Assessing temp: Has the patient undergone exercise or physical therapy within the last 30 minutes? - Answer Intervention: physical exercise increases body temperature, have the patient rest for 30 minutes beofre assessing temperature Assessing temp: does the temperature derivate from the normal range in either direction? - Answer Intervention: validate equipment accuracy and proper use, assess the room temp, asses the patient for clincal manifestations, of hyperthermia or hypothermia, r...

Why is it important to have sufficient carbohydrates in the diet to "spare" protein? - Answer - want to avoid negative nitrogen balance -protein- sparing effect is all about making sure the protein you consume is not being used as energy - spare protein from being used by energy --> you help ensure body has all it needs to fill proteins other roles in body If diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what happens to protein synthesis? - Answer - will be halted List 3 risk...

Implementation - Answer the ______ step includes initiating specific nursing interventions and treatments designed to help achieve established goals or outcomes Evaluation - Answer in the ______ step, the nurse determines whether the goals are met, examines the effectiveness of interventions, and decides whether the plan of care should be discontinued, continued, or revised Assessment - Answer during the ______ step, data are gathered through observation, interviews, and head to t...

When the client's serum sodium level is 120 mEq/L, the priority nursing assessment is to monitor the status of which body system? - Answer Neurological While assisting the client with meal selection, the nurse realizes that clients who practice Islam or Judaism share an avoidance of: - Answer pork products. The client wants to increase intake of an antioxidant in her diet. The nurse recommends including vitamin C, which is best found in: - Answer Correct Answer: tomatoes. F...

Unit 1- Hand Hygiene - Answer #1 way to prevent infection How long do you wash your hands? - Answer -15-20 seconds 5 moments of hand hygiene - Answer -before touching the patient -before aseptic procedure -After body fluid exposure -After touching patient -After touching a patients surroundings CDC - Answer Center for Disease Control Bathing a patient - Answer -Privacy is of upmost importance -Ensure comfortable temperature of room and bathing water -Offer to...

What are the most common signs and symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)? - Answer see Table 33.14; "Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Subtypes and Clinical Joint Characteristics") page 550 What are common musculoskeletal and congenital problems? - Answer athletic injuries, back pain. Foot injuries, knee disorders, shin splints, stress fx What shape is the spine by late adolescence? - Answer S shape What can be used to measure bone age? - Answer radiographs of t...