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Exam (elaborations)
PSYCHIATRIC HARM - TORT OF NEGLIGENCE
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---6July 20252024/2025A+
- PSYCHIATRIC HARM - TORT OF 
NEGLIGENCE QUESTIONS AND 
ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED 100% 
What are the requirements for psychiatric harm - Answer - D owes a duty of care 
- D has breached the duty of care to C 
- D's breach has caused reasonably foreseeable harm/damage/loss to C 
What approach do the courts take - Answer Restrictive and so the range of potential 
claimants is far narrower than for claims relating to physical injury 
Why are the courts reluctant to extend liability to those who wit...
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Exam (elaborations)
PSYCHIATRIC HARM IN NEGLIGENCE
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---6July 20252024/2025A+
- @2025 Exam Material 1 
PSYCHIATRIC HARM IN NEGLIGENCE 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PASS 
GUARANTEED 100% 
Psychiatric harm in negligence - Answer A recognised medical condition arising from shock to 
the nervous system due to witnessing or being involved in a horrific accident. 
To prove liability in psychiatric harm, C must prove the following: - Answer 1. Recognised 
psychiatricinjury 
2. Either (i) Primary victim or (ii) Secondary VIctim 
1. Recognised psychiatric injury 
Miscarriage (流產) - An...
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Exam (elaborations)
TORT - NEGLIGENCE (PSYCHIATRIC HARM)
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---5July 20252024/2025A+
- @2025 Exam Material 1 
TORT - NEGLIGENCE (PSYCHIATRIC 
HARM) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 
PASS GUARANTEED 100% 
What is 'psychiatric harm'? - Answer 1. Material; 
2. Medically-recognised psychiatric illness; or 
3. Shock-induced physical condition (e.g., heart attack) 
"Material", e.g., more than just numbness in the arm and leg (Mazhar Hussain v CC West 
Mercia). 
YES: PTSD, clinical depression, heart attack 
NO: grief, isolated flashbacks, stress, fear 
Actual victim - Answer Suffered: ...
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Exam (elaborations)
NEGLIGENCE + PSYCHIATRIC HARM TORT
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---3July 20252024/2025A+
- @2025 Exam Material 1 
NEGLIGENCE + PSYCHIATRIC HARM 
TORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PASS 
GUARANTEED 100% 
what must be proved? - Answer duty of care, breach of duty and breach caused damage 
suffered by claimant 
primary, near miss and secondary victims - Answe
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Exam (elaborations)
VICARIOUS LIABILITY STRUCTURE
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---4July 20252024/2025A+
- @2025 Exam Material 1 
VICARIOUS LIABILITY STRUCTURE 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PASS 
GUARANTEED 100% 
Vicarious Liability - Answer Legal responsibility of an employer for the actions of an 
employee. 
What type of offence is vicarious liability? - Answer A strict liability tort. 
Step one of vicarious liability. - Answer Is the offender an employee? 
3 tests for step one. - Answer - Control Test 
- Organization/Integration Test 
- Multiple/Economic Reality Test 
Control Test - Answer KEY CASE: Yew...
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Exam (elaborations)
PSYCHIATRIC HARM: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY VICTIMS
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---7July 20252024/2025A+
- PSYCHIATRIC HARM: PRIMARY AND 
SECONDARY VICTIMS QUESTIONS AND 
ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED 100% 
What is the test for determining if a primary victim is owed a duty of care for psychiatric harm? - 
Answer In Page v Smith [1996] it was held that the defendant must reasonably have foreseen 
that the claimant might suffer physical injury as a result of their negligence. 
Why is the test for duty of care to primary victims easier to satisfy than that for secondary 
victims? - Answer Because for primar...
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Exam (elaborations)
PSYCHATRIC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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---4July 20252024/2025A+
- @2025 Exam Material 1 
PSYCHATRIC QUESTIONS AND 
ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED 100% 
Q1: What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)? - Answer A1: A medical procedure involving 
controlled electrical stimulation of the brain to induce a generalized seizure, used for severe 
mental health conditions. 
Q2: What are the main indications for ECT? - Answer A2: Treatment-resistant major 
depression, severe bipolar mania, catatonia, severe psychosis, suicidality, and schizophrenia 
with catatonic features. 
Q3:...
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Exam (elaborations)
PSYCHATRIC
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---2July 20252024/2025A+
- @2025 Exam Material 1 
PSYCHATRIC QUESTIONS AND 
ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED 100% 
an example of mood stabilizer ? - Answer Lithium 
drugs for acute manic bipolar ? - Answer lithium or valproate + antipsychotic 
pregnant have bipolar ? what is the drug of choice ? - Answer lurasidone . lamotrigine . 
levetiracetam 
for acute bipolar ? drugs - Answer lithium or lamotrigine , lurasidone , fluoxetine , olanzapine 
maintenance bipolar drug ? - Ans
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Exam (elaborations)
PSYCHATRIC INJURY
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---5July 20252024/2025A+
- @2025 Exam Material 1 
PSYCHATRIC INJURY QUESTIONS AND 
ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED 100% 
What is the first criteria in establishing a Psychatric injury claim? - Answer Must have a 
recognised psychiatric illness 
> Hicks v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1992] - Terror was normal human emotion, not 
given 
Sorrow and Grief are not enough 
> Hinz v Berry {1970] 
What are the policy rationales on limiting PI claims established by Lord Steyn? - Answer > 
Greater diagnostic uncertainty 
&...
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Exam (elaborations)
CHAPTER 7. RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT
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---12July 20252024/2025A+
- CHAPTER 7. RELATIONSHIP 
DEVELOPMENT QUESTIONS AND 
ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED 100% 
What is the most essential task for a nurse to accomplish prior to forming a therapeutic 
relationship with a client? 
A. To clarify personal attitudes, values, and beliefs 
B. To obtain thorough assessment data 
C. To determine the client's length of stay 
D. To establish personal goals for the interaction - Answer ANS: A 
The most essential task for a nurse to accomplish prior to forming a therapeutic relatio...
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