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Exam (elaborations)
Nonresponse and Focal Point Answers to Subjective Probability Questions
It is useful to think about the process of responding to a question as consisting of different 
steps. The steps are, however, not completely separable and should only be thought of as a 
tool to better understand the processes involved in responding to a survey question. Schwarz 
and Oysermann (2001) distinguish five different steps in the respondent’s answering process: 
1. Understanding, 2. Recalling, 3. Inferring, 4. Mapping, and 5. Editing. All of these steps 
influence the likelihoo...