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MEDC 527 Exam 2 | Questions and Answers What do electron-donating groups do to a benzene ring? EDGs activate the benzene ring since they increase the electron density, making it more nucleophilic What do electron-withdrawing groups do to a benzene ring? EWGs deactivate the benzene ring since they decrease the electron density, making it less nucleophilic Which functional groups are considered neutral and do not ionize? Amides, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, and ethers What is pka for a...