- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

erectile dysfunction - correct answer Unable to get an erection Unable to keep an erection for long enough to have sex causes of ED - correct answer Stress Tiredness Drinking too much alcohol Recreational drugs Medical conditions: • High blood pressure or high cholesterol • Diabetes Depression or anxiety Hormone problems Risk factors ED - correct answer Sedentary lifes...

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5 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

What are strict liability offences? - correct answer Those offences where mens rea is not required in respect of at least one aspect of the actus reus are known as strict liability offences. An example demonstrating strict liability is Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v. Storkwain Ltd (1986). What happened in Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v. Storkwain Ltd (1986)? - correct answer The defendant was charg...

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14 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

What is the usual translation of Mens Rea? - correct answer Guilty mind What does MR essentially do? - correct answer Mens rea turns the conduct from being merely harmful to substantively criminal. What does MR distinguish between? - correct answer MR is what distinguishes between harmful conduct and wrongful conduct. What is essentially MR about? - correct answer ...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

What is the literal translation of mens rea? - correct answer Guilty mind. What part of a crime is the mens rea? - correct answer Mental element of a crime. Is ignorance of the law a defense? - correct answer No, D does not have to know that what they are doing is against the law. What are the two levels of mens rea? - correct answer Intenti...

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5 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

Functions of MR(5) - correct answer 1. Chan and Simester point to four functions of mens rea 2. Fault 3. Identifying the wrong 4. Fair warning 5. Limiting criminalisation Fault and MR (3) - correct answer 1. actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea, in the maxim of Lord Coke 2. Lord Hailsham translated this as: 'An act does not make a man guilty of a crime, unless his mind be also guilty' in Haughton v Smith ...

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13 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

Define mens rea - correct answer examines the state of mind of the defendant at the time of committing the offence. Distinguishes between an accident and a criminal offence. What will the absence of mens rea resulting in most cases? - correct answer an acquittal case example: R V Clarke (1972) case example-absence of mens rea acquittal-R V Clarke (1972) - correct answer Woman ...

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8 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

What is needed to prove mens rea? - correct answer The prosecution needs to prove that the defendant had a particular state of mind when the crime was committed. How many components are there to form crimes? - correct answer Two parts: actus reus and mens rea What must the prosecution prove to convict a person of a criminal offence? - correct answer The prosecution must prove beyo...

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2 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

Mens rea - correct answer guilty mind Mens rea is defined as the - correct answer criminal intention or knowledge that an act is wrong Mens rea is a requirement in - correct answer most criminal acts indicating a key element of an offender's responsibility for committing a criminal offense If a person does not possess a guilty mind - correct answer ...

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5 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

Intention - correct answer Highest form of mens rea. Conscious decision to bring about a certain state of affairs. Literal dictionary definition. Irish case law not comprehensive enough to accurately define intention. There are two type: Direct and Oblique. Direct Intention - correct answer Directly intends a result when he desires to bring about that result and deliberately sets out to bring it about. People (DPP) v...

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2 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

Planar sculpting - correct answer Technique where hair is sculpted along imaginary horizontal and vertical planes Shears over comb - correct answer Shears positioned parallel to comb, comb and shears move up up in unison creates a smooth progression Clipper over comb - correct answer Clippers positioned on top of a large comb, clippers move across comb vertically, horizontally. ...

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1 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

What is recklessness? - correct answer This is a lower level of mens rea than intention. Recklessness is where the defendant knows there is a risk of the consequence happening but takes that risk. The explanation of recklessness comes from the case of Cunningham (1957). What happened in the case of Cunningham (1957)? - correct answer The defendant tore a gas meter from the wall of an empty house in order to steal the mo...

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4 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

The mens rea is... - correct answer the mental element of the crime. There are 4 main instances where D is said to not be at fault: 1. if they're (1)__________ from criminal (2)__________ (e.g. children under 10) 2. if it was (3)__________ - in certain situations 3. if the person is in (4)__________ of their actions but does not have the required (5)__________ state 4. with certain (6)__________ (e.g. self-defence) - correct answer ...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

What is defined as the "voluntarily willed physical movement" ? - correct answer actus reus The Actus Reus of an offense includes "A _________ act that causes a _______ _________." - correct answer voluntary, social harm Are unconscious movements or involuntary acts such as reflexive actions, spasms, convulsions, movements while unconscious, or movements while asleep considered valid Actus Reus? - correct...

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11 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

RealGrades

HMEMS chapter 14 - 1 to 80 ~The Role And Importance Of Research 1) ________ communicates to the market the company's intended value positioning of its product or brand. b. Price 2) Many consumers are willing to pay $100 for a perfume that contains $10 worth of scent because the perfume is from a well-known brand. What kind of a pricing is the company depending on? d. image pricing 3) Companies price their products in a number of ways. Small companies prices are set by the boss, in larger...

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9 pages

Written in 2022/2023

Grade A+

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