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Formulating causal questions and principled statistical answers
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26
August 2024
2024/2025
A+
2 FROMSCIENTIFICQUESTIONSTOCAUSALPARAMETERS
Causal questions ask what would happen to outcome Y,had the exposure A been different from what is observed. To formalise
this, we will use the concept of potential outcomes6,7 that captures the thought process of setting the treatment to values a À A,
a set of possible treatment values, without changing any pre-existing covariates or characteristics of the individual. Let Ya(a) be
the potential outcome that would occur if the exposure were se...
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