- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Skeletal Muscle - Answer - Striated muscle usually attached to bones - Responsible for positioning and movement of the skeleton Cardiac Muscle - Answer Striated muscle of the heart Striated Muscle - Answer - Muscles that appear to have alternating light and dark bands - Includes skeletal and cardiac muscle Smooth Muscle - Answer - The primary muscle of internal organs and tubes, such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and blood vessels - Function is to influence the movem...

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12 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

cardiovascular system: transport - Answer transport materials: 1. *entering the body:* respiration (lungs to all cells), ingestion (nutrients, water from intestinal tract to all cells) 2. *leaving the body:* respiration & excretion (waste, sweat, etc); thermoregulation (heat) 3. *other pts* of body: cell-cell comms. (hormones de endocrine cells to targets) & immune response (antibodies, etc) cardiovascular system components - Answer 1. pump - heart 2. fluid - blood 3. condu...

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19 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Low alveolar PO2 can be caused by one of two mechanisms. One of them is that the inspired air has a low oxygen content. What is the other reason? - Answer hypoventilation Oxygen is carried in the blood in two ways. Most of it is bound to hemoglobin while the remainder is carried in what form? - Answer Dissolved in the plasma In what form is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood? - Answer as bicarbonate ion At the same pressure, about 20 times more CO2 will dissolve in pl...

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3 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What is physiology? - Answer the study of the function of organisms Give the step-by-step increment starting from atom and ending with biosphere - Answer Atom→ Molecule→ Organelle→ Cell→ Tissue→ Organ→ Organ System→ Organism→ Population→ Community→ Ecosystem→ Biosphere Although there are 12 sequential increments beginning with atom all teh way up to biosphere, what are the ones that make up physiology? - Answer Molecule→ Organelle→ Cell→ Tissue→ Organ...

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26 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

List four major functions of the respiratory system (RS) - Answer - Gas exchange of O2 and CO2 - Defense against inhaled pathogens - pH regulation - vocalization (moving air over vocal cords to make sounds) Diagram the anatomy of the respiratory system and explain the function of each structure - Answer Upper RS - mouth - nasal cavity - pharynx (throat) - larynx (vocal) Lower RS - trachea (bring air to lungs) - bronchi and its branches (bring air to lungs) - alveoli (gas ...

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8 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What will happen to the cells of a patient who is given an intravenous (IV) solution that is isosmotic to intracellular fluids? A. The question cannot be answered with certainty without knowing which solutes are present in the IV solution. B. The cells will swell, because isosmotic solutions are hypotonic. C. The cells will shrink, because isosmotic solutions are hypertonic. D. The cells will keep their normal shape, because isosmotic solutions result in no net change in water concentration...

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14 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

In Graves disease, the body makes antibodies that are agonists for TSH receptors. You would expect someone with Grave's disease to have _________. no symptoms symptoms of hyperthyroidism symptoms of hypothyroidism - Answer symptoms of hyperthyroidism When a person takes exogenous thyroid hormone this drug treatment would lead to ____________ thyroxine (T4) secretion and _________ TSH secretion increased; decreased increased; increased decreased; increased decreased; decreased...

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17 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors? - Answer Cortisol What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones? - Answer activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do? - Answer acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty? - A...

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31 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Define interstitial fluid, indicating whether it is inside or outside cells (intracellular or extracellular). A. Interstitial fluid is the intracellular fluid of the blood cells. B. Interstitial fluid is the extracellular fluid inside the circulatory system. C. Interstitial fluid is the intracellular fluid found in all cell types. D. Interstitial fluid is extracellular fluid outside the circulatory system and the cells. - Answer Interstitial fluid is extracellular fluid outside the circ...

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13 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Neural Plate - Answer A flattened region where the cells that will become the nervous system lay in an embryo Neural Tube - Answer Embryonic cells that develop into the CNS Interneurons - Answer Neurons completely contained within the CNS Gray Matter - Answer - Unmyelinated nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals Nuclei - Answer Clusters of cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord White Matter - Answer Central Nervous System tissue composed primarily of ...

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27 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Define physiology - Answer study of the normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts --> knowledge of nature list the levels of organization from atoms to organisms - Answer atoms --> molecules --> cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organisms homeostasis and what happens when it fails - Answer process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment failure to maintain homeostasis may result in illnes...

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21 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Peptide Hormone - Answer composed of linked amino Steroid Hormones - Answer Derived from cholesterol Amine Hormones - Answer Modifications of single amino acids Estrogen, androgens, cortisol are examples of? - Answer Steroid hormones Insulin, parathyroid, hormone are examples of? - Answer Peptide hormones Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrine (NE) are examples of? - Answer Amine hormones Synthesis & Storage of Peptide hormones? - Answer Made in advance (stored...

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4 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

TestSolver9