- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Key characteristics of living organisms - Answer • Order • Adapt/Evolve • Grow and develop • Homeostasis • Respond to the environment • Process energy • Reproduce Why are cells so small? - Answer The membrane surrounding the cell functions in passage of nutrients and wastes. This is due to diffusion. Larger cells have a greater volume than surface area which cannot support their metabolic needs for diffusion. Cell theory - Answer 1. All living organism...

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17 pages

Written in 2025/2026

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Describe what happens in the cell cycle G1. - Answer Cell maintenance and growth Describe what happens in the cell cycle S. - Answer DNA replication Describe what happens in the cell cycle stage G2. - Answer Cell growth and preparation to divide Define cell mitosis. - Answer Cell division for growth, repair, or replenishment. Define cell meiosis. - Answer Cell division for creating gametes. Define cell interphase. - Answer Part of the cell cycle...

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9 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

1. When in life does lactose intolerance begin for much of the human population? Describe the variation across ethnicity. - Answer The gene that codes for lactase often decreases in activity early in life, around the time babies are weaned. We talked about several ethnicities of people who have high lactose intolerance, including people of Asian, Indigenous and African* (*with exceptions) descent. What two ethnicities of people have low rates of lactose intolerance? 2. Differentiate dig...

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5 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Define transcription. - Answer The process of creating RNA from DNA Describe how only one strand of DNA is used as the template in transcription. - Answer Only one of the strands (3' to 5' strand) serves as a template; the other one is unused Identify the first step of transcription - Answer Initiation What happens in the first step of transcription, initiation - Answer The enzyme RNA polymerase attaches to a region of the gene called a promoter and transcr...

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9 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Scientific Method - Answer Observation, Hypothesis, prediction, Experiment, Data Collection, Conclusion Hypothesis - Answer tentative explanation for the observation prediction - Answer the specific result that is expected if the hypothesis is true experiment - Answer independent variable is changed dependent variable is the measured result Data Analysis - Answer replication of experiment Replication - Answer repetition of an experiment trial ...

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10 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Biology is the study of - Answer life 7 properties of living organisms (know at least 2) - Answer 1. Order 2. Reproduction 3. Growth and Development 4. Energy processing 5. Response to environment 6. Regulation 7. Evolutionary Adaptation What were the main points from the TB video? - Answer - TB is caused by bacteria found in the lungs - TB is transmitted through the air - Dark green bacteria = the resistant bacteria - TB is #1 of the top killers globally Mult...

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7 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

During Cellular Respiration in eukaryotes, which step does not take place in mitochondria? a) oxidative Phosphorylation b) Citric Acid Cycle c)glycolysis d)None of the above - Answer c) glycolysis In an animal cell, where does ATP synthesis using the F-pump ATP synthase take place? a) matrix b)outer mitochondrial membrane c)intermembrane d) inner mitochondrial membrane - Answer a)matrix Which of these statememnts about chemiosmosis is incorrect? a)it is only useful for ...

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7 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Water - Answer Most critical molecule for life. Human body is 60-70%. When NaCl is mixed in water, spheres of hydration are formed Hydrophobic interactions - Answer Relationships between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. Hydrophobic ones cluster together in this situation. Buffers - Answer Minimize changes in concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution. Contain a weak acid and a corresponding base which combines reversibly with hydrogen cations. Most biological fluid...

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5 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

genome - Answer all the DNA in a cell/organisms chromosome - Answer one long DNA strand plus proteins DNA - Answer double stranded nucleotide polymer locus - Answer position on chromosomal DNA-ay position on DNA gene - Answer sequence of DNA nucleotides beginning with a promoter and ending with a terminator; produce proteins allele - Answer an alternative version of a gene chromatin - Answer DNA in loose state homologous chromosomes ...

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17 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

True of False: Viruses are living organisms. - Answer False Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) All living organisms are multicellular. b) All living organisms can reproduce sexually. c) Cyanobacteria are multicellular organisms. d) Multicellularity evolved multiple times independently. e) Some bacteria are multicellular. - Answer d) Multicellularity evolved multiple times independently. The central dogma states that information can go... - Answer From ...

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34 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

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Nucleic Acids - Answer -Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) -Ribonucleicacid(RNA) Gregor Mendel - Answer -"father of genetics" -Pea breeder extraordinaire Friedrich Miescher - Answer -Isolated a phosphate rich molecule he named nuclein from white blood cells Phoebus Levene - Answer -Identified the composition of the nucleotide and how a polynucleotide was assembled Nucleotides - Answer -building blocks of nucleic acids -Phosphate is attached to the C5...

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8 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

what is a plasmid? - Answer a small, circular DNA molecule separate from the chromosome in the lac operon, the RNA polymerase binds to the _____ when the repressor protein is _____ by lactose - Answer promoter, inactivated epigenetics most often involves: - Answer addition of methyl groups to DNA bases, usually cytosine in humans, mRNA is often spliced such that: - Answer one or more exons are missing in eukaryotes, transcription factors bind: - Answer t...

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8 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What 3 structures do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have? - Answer Cell membrane DNA (chromosomes) Ribosomes What is a nucleoid and which cells have it? - Answer A nucleoid is a region where DNA is located. Bacterial cells / prokaryotes have it. What do eukaryotic cells have instead of a nucleoid? - Answer Nucleus. Why can antibiotics be effective against prokaryotes, and not damage your eukaryotic cells? - Answer Prokaryotes contain... 1. Cell walls ma...

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4 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

When you walk up the stairs, your hip and knee joints ____ to lift your body weight. a. Adduct b. Rotate c. Extend d. Flex e. Abduct - Answer c. Extend Raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi, is an example of ____ of the shoulder. a. Circumduction b. Protraction c. Abduction d. Rotation e. Adduction - Answer c. abduction The epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child are bound by a ____. a. Plane suture b. Symphysis c. Serra...

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11 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9