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Arenes & Aromatic Chemistry: Benzene, Phenols & Electrophilic Substitution – A-Level/IB Notes
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This document provides detailed A-Level/IB Chemistry notes on arenes (aromatic compounds), focusing on benzene’s structure, stability, and reactions, as well as the chemistry of phenols. 
 
Key Topics Covered: 
Benzene Structure & Stability: 
 
Kekulé’s Model vs. Reality: 
 
Benzene’s unexpected stability (resonance energy, -208 kJ/mol vs. expected -360 kJ/mol). 
 
Equal bond lengths (evidence against alternating double/single bonds). 
 
Delocalized π-system explains low reactivity (does...
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