NURS 231 (NURS231)

What is innate immunity? Innate immunity, also called natural immunity, is the first line of defense. This type of defense is in place before an infection takes place and can function immediately. It is comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses. How does the skin act as a physical barrier? The skin’s design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a...

disorders of cardiovascular system 4.1 cardiovascular system: physiology review and functions of blood Part 1 - Hematopoietic System - Funtions of blood - Composition of blood - Hemostasis (mechanisms that stop bleeding) Functions of blood - Transport: blood gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones - Regulation: temperature, pH, fluid volume - Protection: blood loss and infection Blood composition - Plasma (liquid) - Formed elements - Erythrocytes (RBC) - Leukocytes (WBC) - Platelets - H...

NURS 231 Module 5 : NURS 231 Module 5 Pathophysiology:100% Verified Questions & Answers/Guaranteed A+ Guide

NURS 231 Unit 2 : NURS 231 Unit 2 Exam Study Guide:100% Verified Questions & Answers/Guaranteed A+ Guide

features of innate and adaptive immunity Immunity - Functions - Prevent pathogens/toxins from entering the body - Eliminating any foreign pathogens, cancer or transplated cells from the body - Initiate wound healing - Recognize “self” compared to foreign antigens (self tolerance) - Three Lines of Defense - 1. Chemical and Physical Surface Barriers (skin) - 2. Internal Cellular and Chemical Defenses (ex. Phagocytes, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory process, fevers) - 3. Immune ...

Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders. • Nonspecific/overlapping symptoms: Fatigue, arthralgias, rashes, low-grade fevers overlap with infections, malignancy, or stress. • Waxing/waning course: Flares and remissions obscure patterns; labs can look “normal” between flares. • Multisystem involvement: One patient may have skin, renal, hematologic, and neuro findings, which fragments the picture across specialties. • No single gold-standard test: Diagnosis reli...

True/False: Blood tests for tumor markers are the single best screening tool for cancer. 2. Tissue biopsy is of critical importance in what role? 3. Show Answers: a. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis: b. What are two side effects commonly experienced by cancer patients? 4. Explain the TNM system: (10 points) 5. Short answers: a. When would surgery be appropriate in the treatment of cancer? b. Most chemotherapeutic drugs cause p...

What Is Pathophysiology? • Definition: Pathophysiology is the study of how the body changes and responds when there’s altered function or disease. • Word breakdown: o Pathology