Molecular Biology

Molecular biology

Test Bank for Molecular Biology, 5th Edition Robert Weaver | 9780073525327 | All Chapters Covered with Answers and Rationales

Molecular biology questions and answers

Biomedical electronics and instrumentation, involves the application of electronic principles and techniques to medical devices and equipment.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN living organisms are composed of organic chemicals that could only be produced in living organisms because of a vital force theory of vitalism german chemist Friedrich Wöhler synthesized urea artificially using silver isocyanate and ammonium chloride Synthesis of urea synthesis of complex molecules form simpler molecules Anabolism the web of all enzyme catalyses reactions in a cell or organism Metabolism condensation rea...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN building block of DNA Deoxyribonucleoside 5' triphosphate (dNTP) -N represents 1 of the 4 basic nucleosides Sense strand of DNA -non-template strand Antisense strand of DNA -template strand nucleotides are built from 3 components 1) sugar (deoxyribose for DNA, ribose for RNA) 2) an aromatic, nitrogenous base 3) and 1-3 phosphate groups purines Adenine and Guanine -they are derived from a precursor called purine ...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM 1: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN. the branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of the macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) essential to life molecular biology -Molecular biology is specifically focused on the molecules that _____ and ______ biological information -Molecular biology can bridge the gap between the fields of ____ and _______ i.e. We can study how biological information is transferred between organisms and how tha...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN Anabolism Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. Catabolism Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. Glucose A simple sugar that is an important source of energy. Nucleic acids macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus Metabolism the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks dow...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN Eukaryotes Organisms whose cells have a distinct nucleus and organelles Eukaryotic Cell Cells that do have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Prokaryotic Cell Cells that don't have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles Prokaryotes Organisms whose cells lack and nucleus and membrane bound organelles Organelle A structure inside a cell that carries out a certain function (ie. nucleus, mitochondria, vacuole, etc) ...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN Nucleotide Monomer of DNA Nucleoside Molecule of ribose plus base 2-deoxyribose sugar that has a H at the 2' C Ribose Name of five carbon sugar that is found in RNA Basepair Two nucleotides, one with a purine & one with a pyrimidine, connected by H bonds Antiparallel means the two polynucleotide chains/strands run in opposite directions What two factors are the main determination of the Tm of DNA Amount of G:C'...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose? A) Starch is softer than cellulose. B) Starch monomers are joined by covalent bonds, and cellulose monomers are joined by ionic bonds. C) The monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. D) Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose. D The term insoluble fiber o...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN Fred Griffith - 1928 - injected mice with bacteria - a transformation of the bacteria was caused by some substance -- genetic material Oswald Avery - 1944 - used enzymes to destroy protein and DNA in bacteria and injected mice to see if transformation occurred - DNA (not protein) is the genetic material Hershey and Chase - 1952 - radioactively labeled the proteins and DNA of a virus to see if transformation occurred - ...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN What is the Central Dogma of Microbiology? DNA undergoes replication, then undergoes transcription to become RNA. The RNA goes through translation to become a protein DNA > RNA > Protein What sugar is used in RNA? Ribose In RNA, what replaces Thymine? Uracil What are the three types of RNA? tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA What is special about siRNA? Small Interfering RNA is double stranded, which is significant because RNA ...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN Most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen Carbon atoms Ability to form long chains of carbon - carbon-carbon bonds are extremely strong The simplest form of an organic molecule is the hydrocarbon—a large family of organic molecules that are composed of hydrogen atoms bonded to a chain of carbon atoms. Covalent Bonds Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of a pair of ele...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN Four principle groups of organic compounds that contribute to much of the structure and function of a cell. Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins Carbohydrate primary function source of energy (short term) and recognition molecule (glycoproteins) and as a structural component (part of DNA/RNA) Lipids what are they + primary function Non-polar, hydrophobic molecules which may come in a variety of forms (simple, co...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN nucleic acids DNA and RNA are examples; so called because they are found in the nucleus and possess many acidic phosphate groups. adenine one of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; a purine that pairs with thymine (in DNA) and uracil (in RNA). guanine one of four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; a purine that pairs with cytosine. cytosine one of four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; a pyrimidine that pair...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN What is the primary purpose of the chromosomes in a cell's nucleus? to store the genetic code that determines an organism's traits What molecule is DNA transcribed into, which carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm? mRNA DNA and RNA are both organic molecules called ____________ __________. nucleic acids What is the nucleic acid that forms the structure of chromosomes and is fou...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN double helix determined by watson and crick; structure of DNA nucleotide sub unit of nucleic acid (monomer) made of 5 carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base adenine purine that pairs with thymine thymine pyrimidine (single ring) that pairs with adenine guanine double ring; purine; that pairs with cytosine cytosine single ring base, pyrimidine, that pairs with guanine antiparallel DNA strands run in opposite direct...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN Food provides molecules that serve as ___ and ___ material for all organisms Fuel; building Plants use light energy to make ___ out of ___ ___ and ___ Sugars; carbon dioxide; water The functions that cells carry out to sustain life are Grow, divide, producing, take in nutrients Matter is transferred in an ecosystem when organisms ___, or are ___ by ___ for ___ eat; eaten; others; food Through the process of ___ cells conv...

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN Frederick Griffith used pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria to discover transformation transformation Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria Oswald Avery tested the ability of inactivated DNA, RNA, and protein to transform live nonpathogenic bacteria bacteriophages/phages viruses that infect bacteria Hershey and Chase used radioactive sulfur (protein) and p...