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GCSE GEOGRAPHY - topic 7: UK in the 21st century

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What are the issues associated with these characteristics, including water stress and housing shortages?

What are the issues associated with these characteristics, including water stress and housing shorta...

Water stress. Areas in the south and east of the UK have the least rainfall and it is these areas that are the most urbanised and so require the most water. London and many places in the SE suffer from severe water stress. Housing shortages. In London up to 60,000 new homes are needed every year to keep up with demand. There has been a housing shortage for many years and this has driven up the price of houses and now many people cannot afford to live in London.

What are the possible impacts of an ageing population?

social: ✅Many retired people do voluntary work which benefits the community ✅Free childcare for grandchildren X Pressure on healthcare – 65 year-old costs x7 more than a 35 year-old on average X Pressure for family to look after the elderly economic: ✅Childcare for grandchildren means children can work and contribute to the economy ✅Older generation can continue working X Taxes for working people may rise due to burden of pensions X Most older people do not work therefore do not contribute directly to the economy

What are the possible responses to an ageing population?

As the population ages, the government may increase taxes or cut spending in other areas (e.g. education) in order to pay for pensions and healthcare for the elderly The government can raise the age at which a person can claim the State Pension. This has already been done in the UK and could be raised further in the future The government can encourage people to save more money so they can pay for their retirement. In 2015 the government launched a new high interest savings account for pensioners called ‘Pensioner Bonds’ The government in the UK offer a winter fuel allowance for all older people. In the future as there are more elderly people, this may be ‘means tested’ to award this only to pensioners who cannot afford it

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Institution
OCR
Study
GCSE
Course
Geography

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