NURS 257 Finals Questions and Answers |
2025/2026 Update | 100% Correct
What does a BMI <18 suggest?
Malnutrition.
What indicates a high risk of malnutrition?
Unexplained weight loss of >10% in 6 months.
How is lean body mass monitored?
Bioelectrical impedance analysis or upper arm muscle area.
What is used to assess visceral protein stores?
C-reactive protein, albumin, and prealbumin levels.
What are the stages of carcinogenesis?
Initiation, Promotion, Progression, Conversion.
What should be avoided to maintain a healthy weight?
Solid fats, sugar-sweetened foods, empty-calorie snacks.
How many cups of fruits and vegetables should be eaten daily?
2-3 cups, especially cruciferous vegetables.
Which spice is recommended for health?
Turmeric (curcumin).
What should be chosen for a healthy diet?
,Whole grains and legumes.
What micronutrients are important for health?
Calcium, vitamin D, and other micronutrients.
What is cancer cachexia?
A complex syndrome with anorexia and severe wasting of lean body mass.
What are the side effects of cancer treatment?
Altered taste, anorexia, nausea, vomiting.
What are the nutrition goals for cancer patients?
Meet increased energy/protein needs, reduce surgical complications, promote tissue repair,
improve tolerance to therapy, enhance quality of life.
What does surgery increase the need for?
Wound healing.
What does malnutrition increase the risk of?
Complications.
What does chemotherapy target?
Rapidly dividing cells, affecting the GI tract and bone marrow.
What are the side effects of chemotherapy?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, hair loss, stomatitis, immunosuppression, learned food
aversions, organ damage.
, What GI symptoms are associated with radiation?
Diarrhea, steatorrhea, malabsorption, ulceration, bowel damage/obstruction.
What is the risk associated with bone marrow/stem cell transplant?
High risk for protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).
What type of nutrition may be required after a transplant?
Parenteral nutrition.
What diet is needed due to immunosuppression?
Low-bacteria diet.
What assessment tool is used for nutrition screening?
PG-SGA (Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment).
What are the goals of nutrition therapy for HIV?
Preserve lean body mass, maintain gut function, prevent malnutrition, minimize malabsorption
symptoms, prevent immunosuppression, improve quality of life.
How are energy needs calculated for HIV patients?
REE × 1.3-1.5.
What is the recommended protein intake for HIV patients?
1.2-1.5 g/kg/day.
What is the function of the nephron?
The functioning unit of the kidney that maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.
2025/2026 Update | 100% Correct
What does a BMI <18 suggest?
Malnutrition.
What indicates a high risk of malnutrition?
Unexplained weight loss of >10% in 6 months.
How is lean body mass monitored?
Bioelectrical impedance analysis or upper arm muscle area.
What is used to assess visceral protein stores?
C-reactive protein, albumin, and prealbumin levels.
What are the stages of carcinogenesis?
Initiation, Promotion, Progression, Conversion.
What should be avoided to maintain a healthy weight?
Solid fats, sugar-sweetened foods, empty-calorie snacks.
How many cups of fruits and vegetables should be eaten daily?
2-3 cups, especially cruciferous vegetables.
Which spice is recommended for health?
Turmeric (curcumin).
What should be chosen for a healthy diet?
,Whole grains and legumes.
What micronutrients are important for health?
Calcium, vitamin D, and other micronutrients.
What is cancer cachexia?
A complex syndrome with anorexia and severe wasting of lean body mass.
What are the side effects of cancer treatment?
Altered taste, anorexia, nausea, vomiting.
What are the nutrition goals for cancer patients?
Meet increased energy/protein needs, reduce surgical complications, promote tissue repair,
improve tolerance to therapy, enhance quality of life.
What does surgery increase the need for?
Wound healing.
What does malnutrition increase the risk of?
Complications.
What does chemotherapy target?
Rapidly dividing cells, affecting the GI tract and bone marrow.
What are the side effects of chemotherapy?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, hair loss, stomatitis, immunosuppression, learned food
aversions, organ damage.
, What GI symptoms are associated with radiation?
Diarrhea, steatorrhea, malabsorption, ulceration, bowel damage/obstruction.
What is the risk associated with bone marrow/stem cell transplant?
High risk for protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).
What type of nutrition may be required after a transplant?
Parenteral nutrition.
What diet is needed due to immunosuppression?
Low-bacteria diet.
What assessment tool is used for nutrition screening?
PG-SGA (Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment).
What are the goals of nutrition therapy for HIV?
Preserve lean body mass, maintain gut function, prevent malnutrition, minimize malabsorption
symptoms, prevent immunosuppression, improve quality of life.
How are energy needs calculated for HIV patients?
REE × 1.3-1.5.
What is the recommended protein intake for HIV patients?
1.2-1.5 g/kg/day.
What is the function of the nephron?
The functioning unit of the kidney that maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.
