NURSING 410 Exam 1 Study Guide - Neurology Questions and Answers Graded A+
Brain Herniation - Answers A life-threatening condition where brain tissue shifts due to
increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
Nursing Interventions for Brain Herniation - Answers Monitor for signs: Altered LOC, pupil
changes, posturing (decerebrate, decorticate). Positioning: Head of bed (HOB) 30 degrees to
promote venous drainage. Maintain adequate oxygenation: Prevent hypoxia (PaO2 > 60 mmHg).
Control ICP: Administer osmotic diuretics (Mannitol), hypertonic saline, and steroids as
prescribed. Avoid triggers: Prevent straining (e.g., stool softeners, avoiding Valsalva maneuver).
Prepare for emergency interventions: Ventriculostomy, decompressive craniectomy if needed.
Epilepsy Patient Education - Answers Medication adherence: Take antiseizure meds as
prescribed (e.g., phenytoin, levetiracetam). Avoid triggers: Lack of sleep, alcohol, flashing lights,
stress. Safety precautions: Avoid driving until seizure-free for the required period per state law.
Seizure first aid: Protect from injury, turn patient to the side, do not put anything in the mouth.
Chronic Migraines Psychological Impact - Answers Chronic migraines may lead to depression,
anxiety, and social withdrawal. Stress management is crucial.
Stages of Migraines - Answers Prodrome: Mood changes, food cravings. Aura: Visual
disturbances (flashes, zigzags). Headache: Throbbing pain, nausea, photophobia. Postdrome:
Fatigue, cognitive difficulties.
Tension Headaches - Answers Stress-induced, band-like pain.
Cluster Headaches - Answers Sudden, severe, around one eye, may occur at night.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Diagnostic Testing - Answers CT scan, MRI, carotid ultrasound,
echocardiogram.
BP Goals for TIA - Answers Maintain SBP between 120-129 mmHg to prevent stroke.
Parkinson's Disease (PD) Client Education - Answers Encourage exercise, adaptive devices for
daily activities.
Falls Risk in Parkinson's Disease - Answers Use assistive devices, remove trip hazards,
encourage safety measures.
Medication Side Effects of Levodopa-carbidopa - Answers Dyskinesia, nausea, orthostatic
hypotension.
Interdisciplinary Care for Parkinson's Disease - Answers Neurology, PT/OT, speech therapy for
dysphagia.
Cushing's Triad - Answers Bradycardia, irregular respirations, hypertension (widened pulse
pressure).
Brain Herniation - Answers A life-threatening condition where brain tissue shifts due to
increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
Nursing Interventions for Brain Herniation - Answers Monitor for signs: Altered LOC, pupil
changes, posturing (decerebrate, decorticate). Positioning: Head of bed (HOB) 30 degrees to
promote venous drainage. Maintain adequate oxygenation: Prevent hypoxia (PaO2 > 60 mmHg).
Control ICP: Administer osmotic diuretics (Mannitol), hypertonic saline, and steroids as
prescribed. Avoid triggers: Prevent straining (e.g., stool softeners, avoiding Valsalva maneuver).
Prepare for emergency interventions: Ventriculostomy, decompressive craniectomy if needed.
Epilepsy Patient Education - Answers Medication adherence: Take antiseizure meds as
prescribed (e.g., phenytoin, levetiracetam). Avoid triggers: Lack of sleep, alcohol, flashing lights,
stress. Safety precautions: Avoid driving until seizure-free for the required period per state law.
Seizure first aid: Protect from injury, turn patient to the side, do not put anything in the mouth.
Chronic Migraines Psychological Impact - Answers Chronic migraines may lead to depression,
anxiety, and social withdrawal. Stress management is crucial.
Stages of Migraines - Answers Prodrome: Mood changes, food cravings. Aura: Visual
disturbances (flashes, zigzags). Headache: Throbbing pain, nausea, photophobia. Postdrome:
Fatigue, cognitive difficulties.
Tension Headaches - Answers Stress-induced, band-like pain.
Cluster Headaches - Answers Sudden, severe, around one eye, may occur at night.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Diagnostic Testing - Answers CT scan, MRI, carotid ultrasound,
echocardiogram.
BP Goals for TIA - Answers Maintain SBP between 120-129 mmHg to prevent stroke.
Parkinson's Disease (PD) Client Education - Answers Encourage exercise, adaptive devices for
daily activities.
Falls Risk in Parkinson's Disease - Answers Use assistive devices, remove trip hazards,
encourage safety measures.
Medication Side Effects of Levodopa-carbidopa - Answers Dyskinesia, nausea, orthostatic
hypotension.
Interdisciplinary Care for Parkinson's Disease - Answers Neurology, PT/OT, speech therapy for
dysphagia.
Cushing's Triad - Answers Bradycardia, irregular respirations, hypertension (widened pulse
pressure).
