Summary
BPM
Business Analysis
[D0I68a-D0I81a]
1ste Master HIRB
Zeno Cominotto
,Inhoud
BPM1. Introduction to BPM..................................................................................... 3
1. The world of Business Process Management (BPM).........................................3
2. The BPM lifecycle............................................................................................ 3
3. Process discovery: as-is process modelling.....................................................4
BPM2. Essential Process Modelling.........................................................................5
1. Process modelling languages..........................................................................5
2. Process modelling with BPMN: control-flow.....................................................6
3. Process modelling with BPMN: subprocesses..................................................6
4. Process modelling with BPMN: repetition........................................................7
BPMN3. Advanced Process Modelling.....................................................................8
1. Process modelling with BPMN: events.............................................................8
2. Process modelling with BPMN: exceptions......................................................8
3. Resource modelling......................................................................................... 9
4. Data modelling................................................................................................ 9
BPMN4. Declarative Process Modelling.................................................................10
2. Declarative process modelling......................................................................10
3. Declare.......................................................................................................... 11
4. Declare constraints and execution................................................................11
BPM5. Process Model Verification, Validation and Certification............................12
1. Process model quality assurance..................................................................12
2. Syntactic quality – Verification......................................................................12
3. Semantic quality – Validation........................................................................12
4. Pragmatic quality – Certification....................................................................12
BPM6. Decision Modelling with DMN.....................................................................13
1. Process Modelling and decisions...................................................................13
2. Decision Model and Notation (DMN)..............................................................13
3. Decision requirements modelling..................................................................14
4. DMN decision logic........................................................................................ 15
5. Decision tables.............................................................................................. 16
6. Expression language for decision logic (FEEL)...............................................17
BPM7. Qualitative Process Analysis......................................................................17
2. Value-added analysis & waste analysis.........................................................17
3. Issue documentation..................................................................................... 18
4. Root cause analysis....................................................................................... 18
BPM8. Quantitative Process Analysis....................................................................19
, 2. Flow analysis................................................................................................. 19
Cycle time analysis........................................................................................ 19
4. Simulation..................................................................................................... 20
BPM9. Process Redesign....................................................................................... 21
2. Business Process Reengineering (BPR).........................................................21
3. Heuristic process redesign............................................................................ 22
Popular redesign heuristics............................................................................... 22
BPM10. Process Automation................................................................................. 23
2. Bridging the gap: A five step approach.........................................................23
3. Business Process Management Systems (BPMS)...........................................24
BPMN11. Process Mining – Process Discovery......................................................25
2. Process discovery.......................................................................................... 25
3. The Alpha algorithm...................................................................................... 25
4. Heuristic process discovery...........................................................................26
5. Other process discovery approaches............................................................26
6. Event data..................................................................................................... 27
BPM12. Process Mining – Conformance Checking.................................................27
1. Introduction to Conformance Checking (= Relay).........................................27
2. Measuring fitness.......................................................................................... 27
2. Measuring precision...................................................................................... 28
3. Measuring generalization and simplicity.......................................................29
BPM13. Process Mining – Extension and Tooling..................................................29
1. Extension techniques.................................................................................... 29
2. Predictive Process Mining.............................................................................. 29
,BPM1. Introduction to BPM
1. The world of Business Process Management (BPM)
BPM = body of principles, methods and tools to design, analyse, execute &
monitor business processes (BP)
How to engage? 2 options: Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) OR Business
Process Re-Engineering (BPR) (as-is improvement OR start from 0)
Processes and Outcomes: Positive delivers value, Negative reduces value
Core elements of a process
Activities Business Objects (Data)
- Active elements - Artifacts that undergo state
- State-changing, time- changes (sales order etc.)
consuming
Events Actors
- Passive elements (conditions) - Entities performing process
- Atomic, instantaneous activities
- Humans and systems
Process perspectives: Control flow perspective (what needs to be done and
when?), Data perspective (what do we need to work on?), Resource
Perspective(who’s doing the work?)
2. The BPM lifecycle
Process identification: identify org. BPs and prioritize management to understand
org. and maximize value of BPM initiatives
1. Designation phase: process architecture
Enumerate main process, determine scop
, 2. Evaluation phase: Prioritized Process Portfolio
Prioritize based on importance, health and feasibility
Process enumeration:
No direct hierarchical link, more direct link
Process scoping: Specialization (general); Horizontal (upstream); vertical (main
processes)
Value chain modelling: chain of processes an organization perform to deliver
value to customers and SH mechanism to group high-level BP according to
order relation
Identifying horizontal boundaries in value chains
1. Change of a key business object
2. Change of granularity of main business object
3. Change in frequency
4. Change in intermediate outcome/resolution/objective
3 main steps: imagine it, build it, sell it
Artifacts for vertical scoping
focus of process enumeration
o Value chains (high level – 3-7 processes)
o Root/main processes (abstract)
o Subprocesses (detailed)
o Process tasks (atomic)
Reference model: template to design process architecture
- Ex. APQC Process Classification Framework (PCF) => industry-neutral =>
benchmarking
o 4 levels: categories, process group, process, activity
Evaluation phase (process selection)
1. Importance
2. Health
3. Feasibility (subjective)
3. Process discovery: as-is process modelling
1. defining the setting: assembling a team that will work on the process
2. gathering information: understanding the process, different methods
, 3. conducting the modelling task: organizing the creation of the process
model, gives guidance for mapping out process in systematic way
RACI matrix to find SH
Challenge 1: fragmented process knowledge
Challenge 2: Domain experts think on instance level
Challenge 3: knowledge about process modelling is rare
Elicitation techniques used at the process discovery stage
Evidence-based
1. Document analysis
2. Observation
3. Process mining
4. Interview-based: structured vs.
unstructured
5. Workshop-based
Organizing the gathered material and conducting the modelling task
1. Identify the process boundaries
a. Condition? Result? Perspective?
2. Identify activities and events
a. List, cards first entire assignment, then start
3. Identify resources and handovers
4. Identify control flow
BPM2. Essential Process Modelling
1. Process modelling languages
Petri nets: mathematically sound, no discrepancy between model and actual
behaviour. BUT, certain issues with how you can model behaviour correctly
Notation: (P, T, F, m0) = Places, Transitions, Flows, initial marking
Execution : transition fires when contains at least 1 token in each of its input
places => consumes one token from each input place and produces one in its
output places
Workflow nets: subclass of petri nets, used for modelling purposes
One input place, one output place, strongly connected
Invisible path from output to input
BPM
Business Analysis
[D0I68a-D0I81a]
1ste Master HIRB
Zeno Cominotto
,Inhoud
BPM1. Introduction to BPM..................................................................................... 3
1. The world of Business Process Management (BPM).........................................3
2. The BPM lifecycle............................................................................................ 3
3. Process discovery: as-is process modelling.....................................................4
BPM2. Essential Process Modelling.........................................................................5
1. Process modelling languages..........................................................................5
2. Process modelling with BPMN: control-flow.....................................................6
3. Process modelling with BPMN: subprocesses..................................................6
4. Process modelling with BPMN: repetition........................................................7
BPMN3. Advanced Process Modelling.....................................................................8
1. Process modelling with BPMN: events.............................................................8
2. Process modelling with BPMN: exceptions......................................................8
3. Resource modelling......................................................................................... 9
4. Data modelling................................................................................................ 9
BPMN4. Declarative Process Modelling.................................................................10
2. Declarative process modelling......................................................................10
3. Declare.......................................................................................................... 11
4. Declare constraints and execution................................................................11
BPM5. Process Model Verification, Validation and Certification............................12
1. Process model quality assurance..................................................................12
2. Syntactic quality – Verification......................................................................12
3. Semantic quality – Validation........................................................................12
4. Pragmatic quality – Certification....................................................................12
BPM6. Decision Modelling with DMN.....................................................................13
1. Process Modelling and decisions...................................................................13
2. Decision Model and Notation (DMN)..............................................................13
3. Decision requirements modelling..................................................................14
4. DMN decision logic........................................................................................ 15
5. Decision tables.............................................................................................. 16
6. Expression language for decision logic (FEEL)...............................................17
BPM7. Qualitative Process Analysis......................................................................17
2. Value-added analysis & waste analysis.........................................................17
3. Issue documentation..................................................................................... 18
4. Root cause analysis....................................................................................... 18
BPM8. Quantitative Process Analysis....................................................................19
, 2. Flow analysis................................................................................................. 19
Cycle time analysis........................................................................................ 19
4. Simulation..................................................................................................... 20
BPM9. Process Redesign....................................................................................... 21
2. Business Process Reengineering (BPR).........................................................21
3. Heuristic process redesign............................................................................ 22
Popular redesign heuristics............................................................................... 22
BPM10. Process Automation................................................................................. 23
2. Bridging the gap: A five step approach.........................................................23
3. Business Process Management Systems (BPMS)...........................................24
BPMN11. Process Mining – Process Discovery......................................................25
2. Process discovery.......................................................................................... 25
3. The Alpha algorithm...................................................................................... 25
4. Heuristic process discovery...........................................................................26
5. Other process discovery approaches............................................................26
6. Event data..................................................................................................... 27
BPM12. Process Mining – Conformance Checking.................................................27
1. Introduction to Conformance Checking (= Relay).........................................27
2. Measuring fitness.......................................................................................... 27
2. Measuring precision...................................................................................... 28
3. Measuring generalization and simplicity.......................................................29
BPM13. Process Mining – Extension and Tooling..................................................29
1. Extension techniques.................................................................................... 29
2. Predictive Process Mining.............................................................................. 29
,BPM1. Introduction to BPM
1. The world of Business Process Management (BPM)
BPM = body of principles, methods and tools to design, analyse, execute &
monitor business processes (BP)
How to engage? 2 options: Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) OR Business
Process Re-Engineering (BPR) (as-is improvement OR start from 0)
Processes and Outcomes: Positive delivers value, Negative reduces value
Core elements of a process
Activities Business Objects (Data)
- Active elements - Artifacts that undergo state
- State-changing, time- changes (sales order etc.)
consuming
Events Actors
- Passive elements (conditions) - Entities performing process
- Atomic, instantaneous activities
- Humans and systems
Process perspectives: Control flow perspective (what needs to be done and
when?), Data perspective (what do we need to work on?), Resource
Perspective(who’s doing the work?)
2. The BPM lifecycle
Process identification: identify org. BPs and prioritize management to understand
org. and maximize value of BPM initiatives
1. Designation phase: process architecture
Enumerate main process, determine scop
, 2. Evaluation phase: Prioritized Process Portfolio
Prioritize based on importance, health and feasibility
Process enumeration:
No direct hierarchical link, more direct link
Process scoping: Specialization (general); Horizontal (upstream); vertical (main
processes)
Value chain modelling: chain of processes an organization perform to deliver
value to customers and SH mechanism to group high-level BP according to
order relation
Identifying horizontal boundaries in value chains
1. Change of a key business object
2. Change of granularity of main business object
3. Change in frequency
4. Change in intermediate outcome/resolution/objective
3 main steps: imagine it, build it, sell it
Artifacts for vertical scoping
focus of process enumeration
o Value chains (high level – 3-7 processes)
o Root/main processes (abstract)
o Subprocesses (detailed)
o Process tasks (atomic)
Reference model: template to design process architecture
- Ex. APQC Process Classification Framework (PCF) => industry-neutral =>
benchmarking
o 4 levels: categories, process group, process, activity
Evaluation phase (process selection)
1. Importance
2. Health
3. Feasibility (subjective)
3. Process discovery: as-is process modelling
1. defining the setting: assembling a team that will work on the process
2. gathering information: understanding the process, different methods
, 3. conducting the modelling task: organizing the creation of the process
model, gives guidance for mapping out process in systematic way
RACI matrix to find SH
Challenge 1: fragmented process knowledge
Challenge 2: Domain experts think on instance level
Challenge 3: knowledge about process modelling is rare
Elicitation techniques used at the process discovery stage
Evidence-based
1. Document analysis
2. Observation
3. Process mining
4. Interview-based: structured vs.
unstructured
5. Workshop-based
Organizing the gathered material and conducting the modelling task
1. Identify the process boundaries
a. Condition? Result? Perspective?
2. Identify activities and events
a. List, cards first entire assignment, then start
3. Identify resources and handovers
4. Identify control flow
BPM2. Essential Process Modelling
1. Process modelling languages
Petri nets: mathematically sound, no discrepancy between model and actual
behaviour. BUT, certain issues with how you can model behaviour correctly
Notation: (P, T, F, m0) = Places, Transitions, Flows, initial marking
Execution : transition fires when contains at least 1 token in each of its input
places => consumes one token from each input place and produces one in its
output places
Workflow nets: subclass of petri nets, used for modelling purposes
One input place, one output place, strongly connected
Invisible path from output to input
