BCIT NSER 7110 EMERGENCY NURSING THEORY 1
2026//2025|REAL 250 Qs&As|100% VERIFIED|GRADED A+
Visceral Pain - ANSWER: 1. Tension Pain
2. Inflammatory Pain
3. Ischemic Pain
Tension Pain - ANSWER: Described by vague, deep, and poorly localized.
Causes of Tension Pain - ANSWER: - "Colic" - from increased force of peristaltic
contraction
-Common when bowel is trying to pass irritating substances (spicy, lactose, infectious)
-Obstructions (tumors, adhesions, constipation etc)
- Increased inflammation to solid organs (spleen, liver, kidney etc)
- Gastroenteritis (d/t irritating foods or infection), constipation, and acute pancreatitis
(inflamed organ)
-Crohns/Colitis
-IBS
-Pyelonephritis
-Peptic Ulcer
-GERD
-Celiac Disease
Inflammatory Pain - ANSWER: Begins as deep and poorly to localize and inflammation
of the visceral peritoneum → initially perceived as vague, deep, difficult to localize, and may
be referred to a distinct site.
- Makes an effort to lie still - how to differentiate between tension and inflammatory
Common Causes of Inflammatory Pain - ANSWER: -Appendicitis → initially pain is mid
abdominal or periumbilical then progresses into the parietal peritoneum, and then it is more
localized to the RLQ. And discomfort during palpation is a distinct feature.
-Cholecystitis
-Choleilithiases
, -Urolithiasis
-Pancreatitis
-Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
-Perforated gastric or peptic ulcers
Ischemic Pain - ANSWER: Sudden onset, intense, continuous, and progressive, poorly
localized. Not relieved by analgesia
Common Causes of Ischemic Pain - ANSWER: - Least common but most serious
- Strangulated bowel d/t obstruction is the most common cause
- Bowel Obstruction → tension pain then turns into ischemic pain
- Mesenteric artery infarct → d/t emboli or thrombus
-Sickle cell anemia
-Ruptured AAA
Associated Symptoms with Abdominal Pain - ANSWER: Gastrointestinal - Nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, and if infection - fever & chills
Genitourinary - Urinary frequency and burning
Gynecological - Females who are sexually active - vaginal discharge and abdominal periods
Musculoskeletal - Trauma? From assault or heavy lifting
Level Of Urgency (LOU) - ANSWER: -Stable patients present with normal clinical
findings and a history leading to admission that is not life or limb threatening.
-Unstable patients present with abnormal clinical findings and a history that is considered life
or limb threatening.
-Potentially unstable patients may present with normal clinical findings but their history
leading to admission warrants concern and ongoing observation. Could deteriorate if proper
intervention is not taken. Considered for all stable patients.
Canadian Triage Acuity Scale (CTAS) - ANSWER: Level 1 - Resuscitation
Level 2 - Emergent
Level 3 - Urgent
2026//2025|REAL 250 Qs&As|100% VERIFIED|GRADED A+
Visceral Pain - ANSWER: 1. Tension Pain
2. Inflammatory Pain
3. Ischemic Pain
Tension Pain - ANSWER: Described by vague, deep, and poorly localized.
Causes of Tension Pain - ANSWER: - "Colic" - from increased force of peristaltic
contraction
-Common when bowel is trying to pass irritating substances (spicy, lactose, infectious)
-Obstructions (tumors, adhesions, constipation etc)
- Increased inflammation to solid organs (spleen, liver, kidney etc)
- Gastroenteritis (d/t irritating foods or infection), constipation, and acute pancreatitis
(inflamed organ)
-Crohns/Colitis
-IBS
-Pyelonephritis
-Peptic Ulcer
-GERD
-Celiac Disease
Inflammatory Pain - ANSWER: Begins as deep and poorly to localize and inflammation
of the visceral peritoneum → initially perceived as vague, deep, difficult to localize, and may
be referred to a distinct site.
- Makes an effort to lie still - how to differentiate between tension and inflammatory
Common Causes of Inflammatory Pain - ANSWER: -Appendicitis → initially pain is mid
abdominal or periumbilical then progresses into the parietal peritoneum, and then it is more
localized to the RLQ. And discomfort during palpation is a distinct feature.
-Cholecystitis
-Choleilithiases
, -Urolithiasis
-Pancreatitis
-Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
-Perforated gastric or peptic ulcers
Ischemic Pain - ANSWER: Sudden onset, intense, continuous, and progressive, poorly
localized. Not relieved by analgesia
Common Causes of Ischemic Pain - ANSWER: - Least common but most serious
- Strangulated bowel d/t obstruction is the most common cause
- Bowel Obstruction → tension pain then turns into ischemic pain
- Mesenteric artery infarct → d/t emboli or thrombus
-Sickle cell anemia
-Ruptured AAA
Associated Symptoms with Abdominal Pain - ANSWER: Gastrointestinal - Nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, and if infection - fever & chills
Genitourinary - Urinary frequency and burning
Gynecological - Females who are sexually active - vaginal discharge and abdominal periods
Musculoskeletal - Trauma? From assault or heavy lifting
Level Of Urgency (LOU) - ANSWER: -Stable patients present with normal clinical
findings and a history leading to admission that is not life or limb threatening.
-Unstable patients present with abnormal clinical findings and a history that is considered life
or limb threatening.
-Potentially unstable patients may present with normal clinical findings but their history
leading to admission warrants concern and ongoing observation. Could deteriorate if proper
intervention is not taken. Considered for all stable patients.
Canadian Triage Acuity Scale (CTAS) - ANSWER: Level 1 - Resuscitation
Level 2 - Emergent
Level 3 - Urgent
