EOSC 114 Final Exam: Study Guide, Past Papers & Review | Natural
Disasters UBC, Exams of Natural Science
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth core - ANSWERiron,
nickel, oxygen
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth crust -
ANSWERoxygen, silicon, aluminum
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the ocean - ANSWERoxygen,
hydrogen, chlorine
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the atmosphere -
ANSWERnitrogen, oxygen, argon
how does density relate to stratification? - ANSWERless-dense materials float
on top of denser materials
define fluid - ANSWERa substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to
external pressure; a gas or a liquid
,define viscosity - ANSWERhow thick a fluid is; measure of resistance to flow;
depends on temperature and chemical structure; high viscosity means that
the matter is thick and has a slow flow; low viscosity means that the matter is
runny and has a quick flow
compressibility - ANSWERable to be squeezed or expanded so that the mass
fills less or more space; results in a change of density (mass/volume) of the
object, because of the volume change
define risk - ANSWERprobability that any given hazardous event might occur
(chance of potential loss)
define potential energy (PE) - ANSWERthe work needed to raise an object of
mass (m) a distance (z) against the pull of gravity (g)
define kinetic energy (KE( - ANSWERa moving object possesses kinetic energy
define sensible heat - ANSWERheat energy we can sense or feel (or measure);
when we measure temperature we are measuring this; on an atomic level
this is really particle motion
define latent heat - ANSWER"hidden" heat energy in chemical bonds
between atoms; sensible heat "stored" as latent heat during melting or
boiling (or sublimating); latent heat released as sensible heat when
condensing or freezing (or depositing); when liquid becomes gaseous heat is
taken from surroundings; when has becomes liquid heat is
transferred/released to the surroundings
, what are plate tectonics controlled by? - ANSWERcomposition, heat, and
gravity
define crust - ANSWERlow density rock that rises above; continental crustal
rock is very different than the rock that comprises the oceanic crust
define mantle - ANSWERthick, rocky layer, very similar to oceanic crustal rock
define lithosphere - ANSWERsolid outer layer of the earth; cool, solid exterior
shell, quite brittle, a little ductile
define asthenosphere - ANSWERalmost melting, still solid (less than 5%
melted), very ductile, NOT brittle
define ridge push - ANSWERheating at the rift raises the ridge crest, gravity
pulls the elevated plates down and apart
describe divergent plate boundaries - ANSWERthe weakest, least time
deforming before brittle failure, smallest maximum earthquake size, very
shallow depth range, lots of little quakes, occur in mid-ocean ridges
describe convergent plate boundaries - ANSWERthe strongest, cool rock and
in compression, more time deforming before brittle failure, largest maximum
earthquake sizr
describe transform plate boundaries - ANSWERtransform boundaries are in
the middle, generally warm-to-cool rock in shear, moderate force applied
before brittle failure, (strike-slip fault motion)
Disasters UBC, Exams of Natural Science
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth core - ANSWERiron,
nickel, oxygen
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the earth crust -
ANSWERoxygen, silicon, aluminum
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the ocean - ANSWERoxygen,
hydrogen, chlorine
1st, 2nd, and 3rd most common elements in the atmosphere -
ANSWERnitrogen, oxygen, argon
how does density relate to stratification? - ANSWERless-dense materials float
on top of denser materials
define fluid - ANSWERa substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to
external pressure; a gas or a liquid
,define viscosity - ANSWERhow thick a fluid is; measure of resistance to flow;
depends on temperature and chemical structure; high viscosity means that
the matter is thick and has a slow flow; low viscosity means that the matter is
runny and has a quick flow
compressibility - ANSWERable to be squeezed or expanded so that the mass
fills less or more space; results in a change of density (mass/volume) of the
object, because of the volume change
define risk - ANSWERprobability that any given hazardous event might occur
(chance of potential loss)
define potential energy (PE) - ANSWERthe work needed to raise an object of
mass (m) a distance (z) against the pull of gravity (g)
define kinetic energy (KE( - ANSWERa moving object possesses kinetic energy
define sensible heat - ANSWERheat energy we can sense or feel (or measure);
when we measure temperature we are measuring this; on an atomic level
this is really particle motion
define latent heat - ANSWER"hidden" heat energy in chemical bonds
between atoms; sensible heat "stored" as latent heat during melting or
boiling (or sublimating); latent heat released as sensible heat when
condensing or freezing (or depositing); when liquid becomes gaseous heat is
taken from surroundings; when has becomes liquid heat is
transferred/released to the surroundings
, what are plate tectonics controlled by? - ANSWERcomposition, heat, and
gravity
define crust - ANSWERlow density rock that rises above; continental crustal
rock is very different than the rock that comprises the oceanic crust
define mantle - ANSWERthick, rocky layer, very similar to oceanic crustal rock
define lithosphere - ANSWERsolid outer layer of the earth; cool, solid exterior
shell, quite brittle, a little ductile
define asthenosphere - ANSWERalmost melting, still solid (less than 5%
melted), very ductile, NOT brittle
define ridge push - ANSWERheating at the rift raises the ridge crest, gravity
pulls the elevated plates down and apart
describe divergent plate boundaries - ANSWERthe weakest, least time
deforming before brittle failure, smallest maximum earthquake size, very
shallow depth range, lots of little quakes, occur in mid-ocean ridges
describe convergent plate boundaries - ANSWERthe strongest, cool rock and
in compression, more time deforming before brittle failure, largest maximum
earthquake sizr
describe transform plate boundaries - ANSWERtransform boundaries are in
the middle, generally warm-to-cool rock in shear, moderate force applied
before brittle failure, (strike-slip fault motion)
