ATDH BIOLOGY EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE!!
Cell membrane - (ANSWER)Hold cellular components and are mainly composed of phospholipids,
cholesterol, and proteins
Organelles - (ANSWER)Cellular compartments enclosed by phospholipids bilateral (membrane bound)
Are located within the cytosol (aqueous intracellular fluid) and help make up the cytoplasm
Only eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles
Nucleoid - (ANSWER)Where prokaryotes keep their genetic material
Nucleus - (ANSWER)Primarily functions to protect and house DNA
DNA replication and translation occurs here
Nucleoplasm - (ANSWER)Cytoplasm of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope - (ANSWER)Membrane of the nucleus
Contains two phospholipid bilayers with a perinuclear space in the middle
Nuclear pores - (ANSWER)Holes in the nuclear envelope that allow molecules to travel in and out of the
nucleus
Nuclear lamina - (ANSWER)Provides structural support to the nucleus, as well as regulating DNA and cell
division
Nucleolus - (ANSWER)Dense area that is responsible for making rRNA and producing ribosomal subunits
Ribosomes - (ANSWER)Work as small factories that carry out translation
Composed of ribosomal subunits
,ATDH BIOLOGY EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE!!
Rough er - (ANSWER)Continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and is "rough"
because it has ribosomes embedded in it
Lumen - (ANSWER)Inside of the rough er
Smooth er - (ANSWER)Not continuous with other membranes
Main function is to synthesize lipids, produce steroid hormones, and detoxify cells
Golgi apparatus - (ANSWER)Made up of cisternae (flattened sacs) that modify and package substances
Lysosomes - (ANSWER)Membrane-bound organelles that break down substances (through hydrolysis)
taken in through endocytosis
Transport vacuoles - (ANSWER)transport materials between organelles
Food vacuoles - (ANSWER)temporarily hold endocytosed food and later fuse with lysosomes
Central vaacuoles - (ANSWER)Very large in plants and have specialized membrane called the tonoplast
Function in storage and material breakdown
Storage vacuoles - (ANSWER)store starches, pigments, and toxic substances
Contractile vacuoles - (ANSWER)Found in single-called organisms and works to actively pump out excess
water
Endomembrane system - (ANSWER)Group of organelles and membranes that work together to modify,
package, and transport proteins and lipids that are entering or exiting a cell
Includes the nucleus, rough and smooth ERs, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell membrane
, ATDH BIOLOGY EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE!!
Peroxisomes - (ANSWER)Perform hydrolysis, break down stored fatty acids, and help with detoxification
Mitochondria - (ANSWER)Powerhouse of the cell
Produces ATP for energy use through cellular respiration
Chloroplasts - (ANSWER)Found in plants and some protists
Carry out photosynthesis
Centrosomes - (ANSWER)Organelles found in animal cells containing a pair of centrioles
Cytoskeleton - (ANSWER)Provides structure and function within the cytoplasm
Microfilaments - (ANSWER)Smallest structure of the cytoskeleton, and are composed of a double helix
made of two actin filaments
Cyclosis - (ANSWER)'stirring of the cytoplasm'; organelles and vesicles travel on microfilament "tracks".
Cleavage furrow - (ANSWER)during cell division, actin microfilaments form contractile rings that split the
cell
Muscle contraction - (ANSWER)actin microfilaments have directionality, allowing myosin motor proteins
to pull on them for muscle contraction
Intermediate filaments - (ANSWER)Between microfilaments and microtubules in size
More stable than microfilaments and mainly help with structural support
Microtubules - (ANSWER)Largest in size and give structural integrity to cells
Hollow and have walls made of tubulin protein dimers
Cell membrane - (ANSWER)Hold cellular components and are mainly composed of phospholipids,
cholesterol, and proteins
Organelles - (ANSWER)Cellular compartments enclosed by phospholipids bilateral (membrane bound)
Are located within the cytosol (aqueous intracellular fluid) and help make up the cytoplasm
Only eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles
Nucleoid - (ANSWER)Where prokaryotes keep their genetic material
Nucleus - (ANSWER)Primarily functions to protect and house DNA
DNA replication and translation occurs here
Nucleoplasm - (ANSWER)Cytoplasm of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope - (ANSWER)Membrane of the nucleus
Contains two phospholipid bilayers with a perinuclear space in the middle
Nuclear pores - (ANSWER)Holes in the nuclear envelope that allow molecules to travel in and out of the
nucleus
Nuclear lamina - (ANSWER)Provides structural support to the nucleus, as well as regulating DNA and cell
division
Nucleolus - (ANSWER)Dense area that is responsible for making rRNA and producing ribosomal subunits
Ribosomes - (ANSWER)Work as small factories that carry out translation
Composed of ribosomal subunits
,ATDH BIOLOGY EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE!!
Rough er - (ANSWER)Continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and is "rough"
because it has ribosomes embedded in it
Lumen - (ANSWER)Inside of the rough er
Smooth er - (ANSWER)Not continuous with other membranes
Main function is to synthesize lipids, produce steroid hormones, and detoxify cells
Golgi apparatus - (ANSWER)Made up of cisternae (flattened sacs) that modify and package substances
Lysosomes - (ANSWER)Membrane-bound organelles that break down substances (through hydrolysis)
taken in through endocytosis
Transport vacuoles - (ANSWER)transport materials between organelles
Food vacuoles - (ANSWER)temporarily hold endocytosed food and later fuse with lysosomes
Central vaacuoles - (ANSWER)Very large in plants and have specialized membrane called the tonoplast
Function in storage and material breakdown
Storage vacuoles - (ANSWER)store starches, pigments, and toxic substances
Contractile vacuoles - (ANSWER)Found in single-called organisms and works to actively pump out excess
water
Endomembrane system - (ANSWER)Group of organelles and membranes that work together to modify,
package, and transport proteins and lipids that are entering or exiting a cell
Includes the nucleus, rough and smooth ERs, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell membrane
, ATDH BIOLOGY EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE!!
Peroxisomes - (ANSWER)Perform hydrolysis, break down stored fatty acids, and help with detoxification
Mitochondria - (ANSWER)Powerhouse of the cell
Produces ATP for energy use through cellular respiration
Chloroplasts - (ANSWER)Found in plants and some protists
Carry out photosynthesis
Centrosomes - (ANSWER)Organelles found in animal cells containing a pair of centrioles
Cytoskeleton - (ANSWER)Provides structure and function within the cytoplasm
Microfilaments - (ANSWER)Smallest structure of the cytoskeleton, and are composed of a double helix
made of two actin filaments
Cyclosis - (ANSWER)'stirring of the cytoplasm'; organelles and vesicles travel on microfilament "tracks".
Cleavage furrow - (ANSWER)during cell division, actin microfilaments form contractile rings that split the
cell
Muscle contraction - (ANSWER)actin microfilaments have directionality, allowing myosin motor proteins
to pull on them for muscle contraction
Intermediate filaments - (ANSWER)Between microfilaments and microtubules in size
More stable than microfilaments and mainly help with structural support
Microtubules - (ANSWER)Largest in size and give structural integrity to cells
Hollow and have walls made of tubulin protein dimers
