NU 606 final exam (2)
What is a segmental fracture? - answer large fragments are present
what is a comminuted fracture? - answer bone breaks into many small fragments
what is a colles fracture? - answer a fracture of the wrist from catching a fall
what is a potts fracture? - answer fracture of the ankle from stepping/jumping with force
what can immediate casting after a fracture cause? - answer compression can lead to
ischemia and other complications
what is a dislocation? - answer bone comes completely out of joint socket
what is a subluxation? - answer bone partially comes out of socket
what is kyphosis? - answer Humpback in the thoracic area
what is lordosis? - answer Swayback in the lumbar region (Lumbar, Lordosis)
what is the role of osteoclasts? - answer bone resorption / break down
what is the role of osteoblasts? - answerbone formation (B = BUILD)
What occurs in osteoporosis? - answerosteoclastic activity > osteoblastic activity
what are the results of osteoporosis? - answerweak bones, increased fracture risk
what are the risk factors for developing osteoporosis? - answerVitamin D deficit, small
stature, being female, decreased activity
What occurs in Paget's disease? - answergood bone is replaced with fibrous tissue
what are the manifestations of Paget's disease? - answercompression fractures,
kyphosis
what is the main microorganism in osteomyelitis? - answerstaph aureus
what are herberdan nodes? - answerbony enlargement at the end of small joints, such
as fingers
, what happens during osteoarthritis? - answercartilage degenerates, erodes, loss of joint
space, bones grind together
what are the manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis? - answerboth sides of the body and
the systemic body have symtpoms: nodules form, joints become fixed, fever, fatigue,,
aches
what is the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis? - answertype 3 hypersensitivity
immune reaction - antibody/antigen complex deposits destory tissue
what is the pathophysiology of ankylosing spondylitis? - answerautoimmune condition
triggers inflammation that leads to FIBROSIS, CALCIFICATION, and FUSION
** primarily effects vertebrae
what are the risk factors for developing gout? - answerrenal disease, genetic affect on
uricase
what is the pathophysiology of gout? - answerhyperuricemia --> crystals form and
deposit into joint spaces --> inflammatory response leads to pain ---> damages cartilage
over time
what is believed to cause fibromyalgia? - answerincreased sensitivity to to
neurotransmitter, substance P
what are the manifestations/triggers of fibromyalgia? - answerinsomnia/sleep
disturbances, fatigue, pain, irritable bowel, depression
what is the main type of muscular dystrophy? - answerDuchenne - X linked, more
common in males
What is the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy? - answer-deficit of dystrophin
-breakdown of muscle cells
-body replaces muscle with fat and fibrous tissue
-loss of function
what is the pathophysiology of ricketts/ ostemomalacia? - answerlack of vitamin D ->
ineffective bone remodeling --> soft and weak bones --> deformity and fracture
What is Ewing's sarcoma? - answerMalignant growth that occurs in the marrow of the
long bones, most common in adolescents
what is the pathophysiology of bursitis? - answerrepetitive motion --> irritation -->
motion continues --> inflammation of the fluid filled sac within joint --> stiffness and
limited mobility
What is a segmental fracture? - answer large fragments are present
what is a comminuted fracture? - answer bone breaks into many small fragments
what is a colles fracture? - answer a fracture of the wrist from catching a fall
what is a potts fracture? - answer fracture of the ankle from stepping/jumping with force
what can immediate casting after a fracture cause? - answer compression can lead to
ischemia and other complications
what is a dislocation? - answer bone comes completely out of joint socket
what is a subluxation? - answer bone partially comes out of socket
what is kyphosis? - answer Humpback in the thoracic area
what is lordosis? - answer Swayback in the lumbar region (Lumbar, Lordosis)
what is the role of osteoclasts? - answer bone resorption / break down
what is the role of osteoblasts? - answerbone formation (B = BUILD)
What occurs in osteoporosis? - answerosteoclastic activity > osteoblastic activity
what are the results of osteoporosis? - answerweak bones, increased fracture risk
what are the risk factors for developing osteoporosis? - answerVitamin D deficit, small
stature, being female, decreased activity
What occurs in Paget's disease? - answergood bone is replaced with fibrous tissue
what are the manifestations of Paget's disease? - answercompression fractures,
kyphosis
what is the main microorganism in osteomyelitis? - answerstaph aureus
what are herberdan nodes? - answerbony enlargement at the end of small joints, such
as fingers
, what happens during osteoarthritis? - answercartilage degenerates, erodes, loss of joint
space, bones grind together
what are the manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis? - answerboth sides of the body and
the systemic body have symtpoms: nodules form, joints become fixed, fever, fatigue,,
aches
what is the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis? - answertype 3 hypersensitivity
immune reaction - antibody/antigen complex deposits destory tissue
what is the pathophysiology of ankylosing spondylitis? - answerautoimmune condition
triggers inflammation that leads to FIBROSIS, CALCIFICATION, and FUSION
** primarily effects vertebrae
what are the risk factors for developing gout? - answerrenal disease, genetic affect on
uricase
what is the pathophysiology of gout? - answerhyperuricemia --> crystals form and
deposit into joint spaces --> inflammatory response leads to pain ---> damages cartilage
over time
what is believed to cause fibromyalgia? - answerincreased sensitivity to to
neurotransmitter, substance P
what are the manifestations/triggers of fibromyalgia? - answerinsomnia/sleep
disturbances, fatigue, pain, irritable bowel, depression
what is the main type of muscular dystrophy? - answerDuchenne - X linked, more
common in males
What is the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy? - answer-deficit of dystrophin
-breakdown of muscle cells
-body replaces muscle with fat and fibrous tissue
-loss of function
what is the pathophysiology of ricketts/ ostemomalacia? - answerlack of vitamin D ->
ineffective bone remodeling --> soft and weak bones --> deformity and fracture
What is Ewing's sarcoma? - answerMalignant growth that occurs in the marrow of the
long bones, most common in adolescents
what is the pathophysiology of bursitis? - answerrepetitive motion --> irritation -->
motion continues --> inflammation of the fluid filled sac within joint --> stiffness and
limited mobility
