BIOCHEMISTRYA2CHAPTERA27A2 VITAMINSA2ANDA2MINERALSA2QUESTIONSA2ANDA2CORRECTA2ANSWERS

BIOCHEMISTRY CHAPTER 7 A2 A2 A2


VITAMINS AND MINERALS QUESTIONS
2 A2 A2 A2 A2


AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A2 A2




______A2andA2traceA2elementsA2areA2micronutrientsA2essentialA2forA2metabolismA2-
A2Ans--Vitamins


VitaminsA2andA2traceA2elementsA2formA2prostheticA2groupsA2ofA2______A2orA2serveA2asA2t
heirA2cofactors.A2-A2Ans--enzymes

AA2andA2DA2vitaminsA2actA2asA2______.A2-A2Ans--hormones.

DeficiencyA2ofA2aA2_________A2mayA2developA2becauseA2ofA2inadequateA2intake,A2poorA2
absorptionA2fromA2theA2intestinalA2tract,A2inefficientA2utilizationA2orA2increasedA2loss,A2orA2i
ncreasedA2demand.A2-A2Ans--micronutrient

TheA2fat-solubleA2vitaminsA2areA2_____,______,____,A2andA2____,A2andA2theA2water-
solubleA2vitaminsA2areA2___,A2___,A2____,A2___,A2____A2,____,A2andA2____,A2____,A2andA
2_____A2-A2Ans--A,A2D,A2E,A2andA2K
A2B1,A2B2,A2B3,A2B5,A2B6,A2B7(biotin),A2B9A2(folicA2acid),A2B12,A2andA2vitaminA2C.


Fat-solubleA2vitaminsA2areA2storedA2inA2______.A2-A2Ans--tissues

VitaminsA2AA2andA2D,A2butA2notA2vitaminA2____A2orA2_____,A2canA2beA2toxicA2inA2excess.A2
-A2Ans--E,A2K

VitaminA2_____A2isA2aA2genericA2termA2forA2retinol,A2retinal,A2andA2retinoicA2acid.A2-A2Ans--
A

TheA2provitaminA2ofA2vitaminA2AA2isA2aA2plantA2pigmentA2_______A2andA2otherA2carotenoi
ds.A2-A2Ans--β-carotene

AllA2dietaryA2formsA2ofA2vitaminA2AA2areA2convertedA2toA2_____.A2-A2Ans--retinol

Retinol,A2inA2turn,A2canA2beA2convertedA2toA2_______A2andA2_____A2_acid.A2-A2Ans--
retinoic,A2retinal

VitaminA2AA2isA2storedA2inA2theA2_____A2andA2needsA2toA2beA2transportedA2toA2itsA2sitesA2o
fA2actionA2-A2Ans--liver

RetinoicA2acidA2isA2a_______A2molecule,A2andA2isA2importantA2inA2roleA2inA2growth,A2differ
entiation,A2andA2proliferationA2ofA2cells;A2inA2embryonicA2developmentA2andA2organogene
sis;A2andA2alsoA2inA2theA2maintenanceA2ofA2epithelia.A2-A2Ans--signaling

, heA2retinoidA2acidA2receptorsA2(_____)A2bindA2bothA2all-trans-A2andA29-cis-
retinoicA2acid,A2whereasA2theA2so-calledA2rexinoidA2receptorsA2(_____)A2bindA2theA29-
cisA2isomerA2only.A2-A2Ans--RAR,A2RXR

VitaminA2____A2deficiencyA2presentsA2asA2nightA2blindnessA2andA2evenA2pemernantA2blin
dersA2ifA2severe..A2-A2Ans--
AA2(mostA2commonA2symptomA2ofA2vitaminA2AA2deficiencyA2inA2childrenA2andA2pregnantA2
women).

IncreasedA2intakeA2ofA2vitaminA2____A2isA2alsoA2associatedA2withA2teratogenicity,A2andA2it
A2shouldA2beA2avoidedA2duringA2pregnancy.A2-A2Ans--A


VitaminA2____A2isA2aA2hormone,A2andA2inA2additionA2toA2itsA2roleA2inA2calciumA2homeostas
is,A2itA2influencesA2genesA2involvedA2inA2cellA2proliferation,A2differentiation,A2andA2apoptos
is.A2-A2Ans--D

DeficiencyA2ofA2vitaminA2____A2producesA2ricketsA2inA2childrenA2andA2osteomalaciaA2inA2a
dults.A2-A2Ans--D

DietaryA2vitaminA2EA2isA2aA2mixtureA2ofA2severalA2compounds,A2knownA2asA2____A2andA2is
A2packedA2intoA2theA2______A2boundA2toA2lipids.A2-A2Ans--tocopherols,A2chylomicrons,_.


VitaminA2____A2isA2aA2membraneA2antioxidantA2naturallyA2occurringA2vitaminA2inA2vegetab
leA2oils,A2nuts,A2andA2greenA2leafyA2vegetables.A2-A2Ans--E

__________A2inhibitsA2theA2activityA2ofA2proteinA2kinaseA2CA2(PKC)A2andA2affectsA2cellA2a
dhesionA2asA2wellA2asA2arachidonicA2acidA2metabolism.A2-A2Ans--α-TocopherolA2(Vit.A2E)

_______A2malabsorptionA2reducesA2vitaminA2EA2absorption,A2InA2prematureA2infants,A2thi
sA2causesA2hemolyticA2anemia,A2thrombocytosis,A2andA2edema,A2asA2wellA2asA2peripheral
A2neuropathy,A2myopathy,A2andA2ataxia.A2-A2Ans--Fat


VitaminA2KA2circulatesA2asA2__________A2(vitaminA2K1),A2andA2itsA2hepaticA2storesA2areA2
inA2theA2formA2ofA2________A2(vitaminA2K2).A2-A2Ans--
phylloquinonA2(plants),A2menaquinonesA2(animals)

VitaminA2___A2isA2necessaryA2forA2bloodA2clotting
andA2requiredA2forA2posttranslationalA2modificationA2ofA2coagulationA2factorA2-A2Ans--K

VitaminA2____A2isA2alsoA2producedA2byA2theA2intestinalA2microflora,A2andA2isA2widelyA2distr
ibutedA2inA2nature;A2itsA2dietaryA2sourcesA2areA2greenA2leafyA2vegetables,A2fruits,A2dairyA2
products,A2vegetableA2oils,A2andA2cereals.A2-A2Ans--K

VitaminA2KA2deficiencyA2causesA2_____A2_____.A2-A2Ans--BledingA2disorders