HIUS 380 - Liberty University (Prof. Ritchie) - Final Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+

HIUS 380 - Liberty University (Prof. Ritchie) - Final Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+ Flanking (The ultimate aim of any military movement is to achieve a superior tactical position. Due to the nature of modern firepower, projectiles tend to hit in a long beaten zone pattern. Crossing these patterns creates a "crossfire" and ensures a higher probability of hits. Maneuvering into a position to maximize these fires along the enemy's long axis is referred to as flanking) - Answers Enfilade Defensive position (Use of cover in a tactical position to ensure protection from fires and to enhance the advantage of the defense.) - Answers Defilade Safe from firepower vs. Safe from vision - Answers Cover vs. Concealment • Converging Columns • Initiative • Firepower • Indigenous People • Rapidly Impatient • Learning and Adaptable • Mobility - Answers American Way of Fighting (AWoF) Center of Gravity, Concentric Rings (Strategic) - Answers Clausewitz Knockout Blow (Operational, Tactical) - Answers Jomini Organized, thoroughly planned, combat arms fight their own kind vs. Disorganized, useful for "weaker" forces, essential mayhem - Answers Conventional (Symmetric) vs. Unconventional (Assymetric) Foot soldiers, hold ground (Historically slower than cavalry and lacking the firepower of artillery but better suited for holding ground and seizing rough terrain) - Answers Infantry Large caliber, powerful (the punch) - Answers Artillery (Arty) Speed, Firepower, Task Organization (The combat arm consisting historically of horses to provide speed. Responsible for screening and observation of the enemy, modern-day Cavalry can utilize helioborne platforms or armor) - Answers Cavalry Rebirth of infantry - Answers Mortars Cuba and the Philippines - Answers 2 Primary Settings of the Spanish-American War Ignited the Spanish-American War, Americans claim the Spanish sink their ship and declare war - Answers U.S.S. Maine Key to insurgency in the S-A War (Use of Indigenous Peoples; Served American forces in the Philippine War with reconnaissance and intelligence procurement as well as hunting down guerillas. The Macabebes represented the first of the native Filipinos to serve the American armed forces beginning in the fall of 1899. The Macabebes came from the town of the same name and had a tradition of Spanish military service and a hatred towards the Tagalogs who constituted the opposition to American pacification.) - Answers Macabebe Scouts Repeating bolt-action .30 rifle important to the S-A War. (A noteworthy aspect of the rifle lay in its use of smokeless powder, thereby enabling the shooter to remain in contact with the enemy, utilizing continuous fires without risk of losing sight of the enemy.) - Answers Krag-Jorgenson Provide an advantage to the defending naval forces - Answers Impact of Archipelagos Provided for the training, funding, and groundwork for National Guard - Answers The "Richard" Act 1st American battle, Big Red 1 takes hilltop and holds ground thanks to long distance capabilities, Large American morale boost - Answers Battle of Cantigny Tides turning for US/UK/France, decreased German morale, showed off American marksmanship (Americans attacked Germans in the forest) - Answers Battle of Belleau Wood Early 1918 German offensives during WWI whereby newly-developed tactics threatened Allied lines forcing the deployment of Americans into the fighting in Western Europe. - Answers Ludendorff Offensive Most costly battle for U.S., Demonstrated the AWoF of maneuverability and firepower used in the open and aggressively (a "slugfest") - Answers Meuse-Argonne Offensive Aggressive, Spear, Four Regimental Elements, Used for Taking/Holding Ground (Created in WWI) - Answers Square Division Imaginative leader, led WWI forces, initiative/professional, groomed Marshall (General of the Armies, General Pershing exercised imaginative leadership thereby influencing enemy actions in Mindanao and Jolo Islands during the Philippine War. Shortly after the tragic loss of his family, Marshall led the Mexican punitive expedition in 1916 and would be chosen upon the death of Frederick Funston to lead the American Expeditionary Force in World War I. Pershing's initiative and professionalism led to the career development of George C. Marshall; perpetuating the American military tradition of grooming effective future leadership) - Answers Gen. J.J."Black Jack" Pershing "He kept us out of war" - Answers Wilson's Campaign Slogan 1 month to plan, slow to adjust, problems, lack of security/moonscape - Answers Arty in WWI Blow stuff up, WW1 engineers (Ludendorff Off.) - Answers Shock Troops Springfield M1903, Tanks, Flamethrowers - Answers WWI Weaponry Army Chief of Staff --> Sec of State; Marshall Plan; oversaw transition from Square to Triangular Division & the creation of the Holding Attack - Answers George Marshall Division based on threes, simple/flexible - Answers Triangular (Armored) Division Tactical attack, temporary ceasing of fire to move troops, could use to attack flank or rear (Tactical maneuver of attack developed before World War II under the guidance of George C. Marshall. The holding attack centered on a base of fire from an automatic weapon shifting or ceasing fires on a prearranged signal, thereby facilitating maneuver forces to strike an opponent from the flanks or rear. The elegance of this tactical concept lay in its application for any level from the fire team up to an arm) - Answers Holding Attack Strategic (first hydraulic) bomber in WWII