NURS 341 EXAM 3 (Cancer And Nutrition) – Questions With
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Terms in this set (37)
Viruses and associated cancer Epstein-Barr Virus --> Burkitt's Lymphoma
HIV --> Kaposi Sarcoma
Hepatitis B --> Hepatocellular carcinoma
Human papillomavirus --> Squamous cell carcinoma
What causes cancer?? (Risk Factors) Carcinogens, Environment, Hormones, Lifestyle, Heredity,
obesity, infectious diseases, medications, immune status, age,
nutrition
Cancer definition Uncontrolled cell growth and altered cell differentiation
Altered Cell Differentiation Two types of genes affected by mutation:
Protooncogenes: Regulates normal cellular processes.... can
turn into an *oncogene*, which had potential to cause cancer.
Tumor suppressor genes: Suppresses growth. Also suppresses
BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes, which is breast cancer.
Development of Cancer *Initiation:* Genetic mutation, carcinogens (chemical,
radiation, viruses/bacteria/parasites)
*Promotion:* Cells will divide and grow (ex: Tobacco, alcohol,
processed meats, high fat diet, inflammation, hormones)\
*Progression: Tumors must develop and form their own
blood supply. Remember: Original tumor = primary tumor*
Benign *Noncancerous*
-Does not invade nearby tissue
-Typically, does not grow back when removed
-Cells are *differentiated*
- They typically do not have negative effects; however it can
cause harm by compressing nerves
, Malignant -Proliferative in uncontrolled state
-No contact inhibition
-Poorly differentiated
-Genetically unstable
-Invasive growth
-Formation of metastasis
-Immortality (No apoptosis)
-Can regrow if removed
Staging of cancer Stage 0: In situ. (In site of).
Stage 1: Tumor limited to original tissue
Stage 2: Limited local spread
Stage 3: Extensive local and regional spread.
Stage 4: Metastasis (Spread to other organs)
T.N.M Classification T: Tumor (1-4)
N: Nodes (0-3)
M: Metastasis (0-1)
Tumor grading Grade 1: Mild dysplasia
Grade 2: Moderate dysplasia
Grade 3: Severe dysplasia
Grade 4: Anaplasia
Grade X: Cannot be assessed
CAUTION symptoms C: Change in bowel and bladder habits
A: A sore that doesn't heal
U: Unusual bleeding
T: Thickening of lump in breast tissue
I: Indigestion problems
O: Obvious changes in warts/moles
N: Nagging cough
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention Primary: Risk factors and vaccines
Secondary: Screening for early detection
Tertiary: Reducing morbidity and mortality once the disease is
diagnosed.
Diagnosing cancer Includes laboratory tests, imaging, biopsy, and endoscopic
procedures.
Cancer treatment goals Cure: Early detection
Control: Prevention from going further
Palliation: Improving quality of life and comfort status.
Surgical treatment Prevention: Prophylaxis
Cure/Control: Debulking
Palliative: For example, colostomy for a bowel obstruction.
Radiation Therapy External: Marked outside part of the skin.
Internal: Brachytherapy, which is into or close to the tumor
(you emit radiation).
Systemic: By injection OR irradiate strong beams. (Caution for
1-3 days with urine).
A.L.A.R.A "As Low As Reasonably Achievable".....
Applies to internal radiation, like brachytherapy.
Organize care, use shielding, and wear film badge to monitor
exposure.
Step By Step Solutions
Save
Students also studied
Sherpath: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 21 Test Case Study 4 (Short
30 terms 24 terms 22 terms
jesssbee Preview kenanderson2017 Preview Brittany182
Terms in this set (37)
Viruses and associated cancer Epstein-Barr Virus --> Burkitt's Lymphoma
HIV --> Kaposi Sarcoma
Hepatitis B --> Hepatocellular carcinoma
Human papillomavirus --> Squamous cell carcinoma
What causes cancer?? (Risk Factors) Carcinogens, Environment, Hormones, Lifestyle, Heredity,
obesity, infectious diseases, medications, immune status, age,
nutrition
Cancer definition Uncontrolled cell growth and altered cell differentiation
Altered Cell Differentiation Two types of genes affected by mutation:
Protooncogenes: Regulates normal cellular processes.... can
turn into an *oncogene*, which had potential to cause cancer.
Tumor suppressor genes: Suppresses growth. Also suppresses
BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes, which is breast cancer.
Development of Cancer *Initiation:* Genetic mutation, carcinogens (chemical,
radiation, viruses/bacteria/parasites)
*Promotion:* Cells will divide and grow (ex: Tobacco, alcohol,
processed meats, high fat diet, inflammation, hormones)\
*Progression: Tumors must develop and form their own
blood supply. Remember: Original tumor = primary tumor*
Benign *Noncancerous*
-Does not invade nearby tissue
-Typically, does not grow back when removed
-Cells are *differentiated*
- They typically do not have negative effects; however it can
cause harm by compressing nerves
, Malignant -Proliferative in uncontrolled state
-No contact inhibition
-Poorly differentiated
-Genetically unstable
-Invasive growth
-Formation of metastasis
-Immortality (No apoptosis)
-Can regrow if removed
Staging of cancer Stage 0: In situ. (In site of).
Stage 1: Tumor limited to original tissue
Stage 2: Limited local spread
Stage 3: Extensive local and regional spread.
Stage 4: Metastasis (Spread to other organs)
T.N.M Classification T: Tumor (1-4)
N: Nodes (0-3)
M: Metastasis (0-1)
Tumor grading Grade 1: Mild dysplasia
Grade 2: Moderate dysplasia
Grade 3: Severe dysplasia
Grade 4: Anaplasia
Grade X: Cannot be assessed
CAUTION symptoms C: Change in bowel and bladder habits
A: A sore that doesn't heal
U: Unusual bleeding
T: Thickening of lump in breast tissue
I: Indigestion problems
O: Obvious changes in warts/moles
N: Nagging cough
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention Primary: Risk factors and vaccines
Secondary: Screening for early detection
Tertiary: Reducing morbidity and mortality once the disease is
diagnosed.
Diagnosing cancer Includes laboratory tests, imaging, biopsy, and endoscopic
procedures.
Cancer treatment goals Cure: Early detection
Control: Prevention from going further
Palliation: Improving quality of life and comfort status.
Surgical treatment Prevention: Prophylaxis
Cure/Control: Debulking
Palliative: For example, colostomy for a bowel obstruction.
Radiation Therapy External: Marked outside part of the skin.
Internal: Brachytherapy, which is into or close to the tumor
(you emit radiation).
Systemic: By injection OR irradiate strong beams. (Caution for
1-3 days with urine).
A.L.A.R.A "As Low As Reasonably Achievable".....
Applies to internal radiation, like brachytherapy.
Organize care, use shielding, and wear film badge to monitor
exposure.
