INTRO TO BIOASTRONAUTICS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ALL ANSWERS CORRECT
Functions of bone - ANSWER support,protection, movement, mineral storage,
blood cell formation
Hematopoiesis - ANSWER blood cell formation
Bone is strongest in ... - ANSWER compression
Bone is intermediate in ... - ANSWER tensions
Bone is weakest in... - ANSWER shear
Osteoblasts - ANSWER bone forming
Osteoclasts - ANSWER resorption and degradation of existing bone
Osteocytes - ANSWER mature osteoblast - maintains metabolism,
nutrient/waste exchange via blood
Osteo- means - ANSWER bone
-blast means - ANSWER germinate
-clast means - ANSWER broken
-cytes means - ANSWER cell
Four alterations during spaceflight that affects bones - ANSWER 1. Dietary
intake
2. High ambient CO2 levels
3. Low light levels
4. loading
, Kidney (Renal) Stone Risk - ANSWER Decreases urine output, urine acidity,
increased calcium excretion
Low light levels cause - ANSWER poor mineralization of bone, less calcium
absorbed in intestines, more parathyroid hormone (increase bone resorption and
reduction in bone mass)
Wolff's Law - ANSWER The bones in a healthy person or animal will adapt to
the loads under which it is placed.
DEXA stands for - ANSWER Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Using DEXA systems, highly dense bone will absorb .. - ANSWER both
beams
avascular - ANSWER does not contain blood vessels
aneural - ANSWER does not contain nerves
Hypercalciruira - ANSWER Elevated calcium in the urine
MIR: 180 day mission showed ... - ANSWER Bone formation decreased, bone
resorption increased
Types of countermeasures - ANSWER exercise, diet/supplements, drugs
Current ISS exercise program: - ANSWER 2.5 hours/ 6 days
What does ARED stand for? - ANSWER Advanced Resistive Exercise Device
T2 - ANSWER treadmill
CLEVIS - ANSWER exercise bike
Bisphosponates - ANSWER inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption
Thiazide diuretics - ANSWER kidney stone prevention; reduction in bone loss
rate
Potassium citrate - ANSWER alkalizes urine, kidney stone prevention,
improvement in calcium balance
ALL ANSWERS CORRECT
Functions of bone - ANSWER support,protection, movement, mineral storage,
blood cell formation
Hematopoiesis - ANSWER blood cell formation
Bone is strongest in ... - ANSWER compression
Bone is intermediate in ... - ANSWER tensions
Bone is weakest in... - ANSWER shear
Osteoblasts - ANSWER bone forming
Osteoclasts - ANSWER resorption and degradation of existing bone
Osteocytes - ANSWER mature osteoblast - maintains metabolism,
nutrient/waste exchange via blood
Osteo- means - ANSWER bone
-blast means - ANSWER germinate
-clast means - ANSWER broken
-cytes means - ANSWER cell
Four alterations during spaceflight that affects bones - ANSWER 1. Dietary
intake
2. High ambient CO2 levels
3. Low light levels
4. loading
, Kidney (Renal) Stone Risk - ANSWER Decreases urine output, urine acidity,
increased calcium excretion
Low light levels cause - ANSWER poor mineralization of bone, less calcium
absorbed in intestines, more parathyroid hormone (increase bone resorption and
reduction in bone mass)
Wolff's Law - ANSWER The bones in a healthy person or animal will adapt to
the loads under which it is placed.
DEXA stands for - ANSWER Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Using DEXA systems, highly dense bone will absorb .. - ANSWER both
beams
avascular - ANSWER does not contain blood vessels
aneural - ANSWER does not contain nerves
Hypercalciruira - ANSWER Elevated calcium in the urine
MIR: 180 day mission showed ... - ANSWER Bone formation decreased, bone
resorption increased
Types of countermeasures - ANSWER exercise, diet/supplements, drugs
Current ISS exercise program: - ANSWER 2.5 hours/ 6 days
What does ARED stand for? - ANSWER Advanced Resistive Exercise Device
T2 - ANSWER treadmill
CLEVIS - ANSWER exercise bike
Bisphosponates - ANSWER inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption
Thiazide diuretics - ANSWER kidney stone prevention; reduction in bone loss
rate
Potassium citrate - ANSWER alkalizes urine, kidney stone prevention,
improvement in calcium balance
