AC-HPAT SCIENCE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWER ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Atom - ANSWER ✔ Smallest unit of matter
2. Element - ANSWER ✔ Pure substance (C, H, O)
3. Compound - ANSWER ✔ 2+ elements chemically combined
4. States of matter - ANSWER ✔ Solid, liquid, gas
5. pH scale - ANSWER ✔ 0-14; <7 acid, >7 base, 7 neutral
6. Solution - ANSWER ✔ Solvent + solute
7. Matter - ANSWER ✔ Pure substance or mixture.
8. Heterogeneous mixture - ANSWER ✔ Components that are visible,
example; cereal, salad.
,9. Homogeneous mixture - ANSWER ✔ Uniform components, example; air,
coffee.
10.Pure substances - ANSWER ✔ Only 1 type of particle (atom or molecule) -
includes elements and compounds.
11.Law of Conservation of Energy - ANSWER ✔ Energy cannot be created or
destroyed but can only change form.
12.Atomic Theory - ANSWER ✔ All matter is composed of particles called
atoms.
13.Allele - ANSWER ✔ A variant form of a gene from each parent.
14.Genotype - ANSWER ✔ The genetic makeup of an individual, represented
by the combination of alleles.
15.Phenotype - ANSWER ✔ The observable characteristics of an individual.
16.Homozygous - ANSWER ✔ Having 2 identical alleles for a trait.
17.Heterozygous - ANSWER ✔ Having 2 different alleles for a trait.
18.Dominant Allele - ANSWER ✔ An allele that expresses its trait even when
paired with a recessive allele.
,19.Recessive Allele - ANSWER ✔ An allele whose trait is expressed only
when paired with another recessive allele.
20.Endocytosis - ANSWER ✔ Capturing a substance from outside the cell by
engulfing it.
21.Exocytosis - ANSWER ✔ Vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to
release contents outside the cell.
22.Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: -
ANSWER ✔ Proteins
23.Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - ANSWER ✔ Anaerobic Respiration
24.Phagocytosis is a form of: - ANSWER ✔ Endocytosis
25.What is a pyruvate? - ANSWER ✔ Pyruvate is an important chemical
compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose
known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into two
molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one
of two ways.
26.What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are
assembled according to genetic instructions? - ANSWER ✔ Ribosomes
27.What is the structural and functional unit of life? - ANSWER ✔ The cell
, 28.What is a prokaryotic cell? - ANSWER ✔ A cell that lacks a true nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles
29.What is a eukaryotic cell? - ANSWER ✔ A cell that contains a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
30.What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER ✔ A catabolic pathway for the
production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant
along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen,
but this is less efficient.
31.What is anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER ✔ A form of cellular respiration
that does not involve oxygen.
32.What is aerobic respiration? - ANSWER ✔ Form of cellular respiration
which requires oxygen to generate energy.
33.Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across
the cell membrane: - ANSWER ✔ Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport,
and Passive Transport.
34.Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - ANSWER ✔ Binary Fission
35.What is binary fission? - ANSWER ✔ A form of asexual reproduction in
which the parent divides into two identical halves.
36.What is cytokinesis? - ANSWER ✔ The division of cytoplasm into two
identical daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWER ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Atom - ANSWER ✔ Smallest unit of matter
2. Element - ANSWER ✔ Pure substance (C, H, O)
3. Compound - ANSWER ✔ 2+ elements chemically combined
4. States of matter - ANSWER ✔ Solid, liquid, gas
5. pH scale - ANSWER ✔ 0-14; <7 acid, >7 base, 7 neutral
6. Solution - ANSWER ✔ Solvent + solute
7. Matter - ANSWER ✔ Pure substance or mixture.
8. Heterogeneous mixture - ANSWER ✔ Components that are visible,
example; cereal, salad.
,9. Homogeneous mixture - ANSWER ✔ Uniform components, example; air,
coffee.
10.Pure substances - ANSWER ✔ Only 1 type of particle (atom or molecule) -
includes elements and compounds.
11.Law of Conservation of Energy - ANSWER ✔ Energy cannot be created or
destroyed but can only change form.
12.Atomic Theory - ANSWER ✔ All matter is composed of particles called
atoms.
13.Allele - ANSWER ✔ A variant form of a gene from each parent.
14.Genotype - ANSWER ✔ The genetic makeup of an individual, represented
by the combination of alleles.
15.Phenotype - ANSWER ✔ The observable characteristics of an individual.
16.Homozygous - ANSWER ✔ Having 2 identical alleles for a trait.
17.Heterozygous - ANSWER ✔ Having 2 different alleles for a trait.
18.Dominant Allele - ANSWER ✔ An allele that expresses its trait even when
paired with a recessive allele.
,19.Recessive Allele - ANSWER ✔ An allele whose trait is expressed only
when paired with another recessive allele.
20.Endocytosis - ANSWER ✔ Capturing a substance from outside the cell by
engulfing it.
21.Exocytosis - ANSWER ✔ Vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to
release contents outside the cell.
22.Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: -
ANSWER ✔ Proteins
23.Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - ANSWER ✔ Anaerobic Respiration
24.Phagocytosis is a form of: - ANSWER ✔ Endocytosis
25.What is a pyruvate? - ANSWER ✔ Pyruvate is an important chemical
compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose
known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into two
molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one
of two ways.
26.What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are
assembled according to genetic instructions? - ANSWER ✔ Ribosomes
27.What is the structural and functional unit of life? - ANSWER ✔ The cell
, 28.What is a prokaryotic cell? - ANSWER ✔ A cell that lacks a true nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles
29.What is a eukaryotic cell? - ANSWER ✔ A cell that contains a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
30.What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER ✔ A catabolic pathway for the
production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant
along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen,
but this is less efficient.
31.What is anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER ✔ A form of cellular respiration
that does not involve oxygen.
32.What is aerobic respiration? - ANSWER ✔ Form of cellular respiration
which requires oxygen to generate energy.
33.Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across
the cell membrane: - ANSWER ✔ Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport,
and Passive Transport.
34.Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - ANSWER ✔ Binary Fission
35.What is binary fission? - ANSWER ✔ A form of asexual reproduction in
which the parent divides into two identical halves.
36.What is cytokinesis? - ANSWER ✔ The division of cytoplasm into two
identical daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
