Bio 255 exam 2 Questions and Answers

Bio 255 exam 2 Questions and Answers The place where two bones meet is called ______. articulation Growth from within cartilage is called ______. interstitial growth Cartilage is what type of tissue? connective In interstitial growth of cartilage ______. news cells and new matrix are produced Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called lacunae Which statements characterize cartilage? It supports soft tissues It provides a gliding surface at joints. It provides a model for the formation of bones. It secretes hormones related to bone formation. It is the site of blood cell formation. It supports soft tissues It provides a gliding surface at joints. It provides a model for the formation of bones. A joint in the body is also called a(n) articulation In appositional growth, cartilage grows ______. when stem cells at the perichondrium divide Growth along the periphery of cartilage is called ___ growth. appositional Place the following steps in order to summarize interstitial growth of cartilage. 1. chondrocyte in lacunae undergoes mitosis 2. two cells occupy one lacunae 3. two cells in one lacunae begin to produce new matrix The cells that produce the matrix of cartilage are called chondroblasts In bone, smooth muscle tissue is found in ______. blood vessels of bone Place the following steps in order to summarize appositional growth of cartilage. 1. stem cells in the perichondrium undergo mitosis 2. committed cells become chondroblasts 3. new matrix is produced at the periphery of the cartilage Which is a function of bone? protection of organs Which tissue types are found in bones? Nervous tissue Blood Osseous connective tissue Cardiac muscle Nervous tissue Blood Osseous connective tissue Most of the body's reserves of ______ and phosphate are stored and released by bone. calcium The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its ______. diaphysis Functions of bone include ______. . mineral storage secretion of insulin support blood cell formation protection mineral storage support blood cell formation protection The expanded end of a long bone is called epiphysis The mineral called ____ is stored by the bone and is needed for ATP production. phosphate Which statements characterize articular cartilage? It covers a diaphysis. It functions to reduce friction in joints. It is composed of hyaline cartilage. It is composed of fibrocartilage. It covers an epiphysis. It functions to reduce friction in joints. It is composed of hyaline cartilage. It covers an epiphysis. The ______ provides the major weight support of a long bone. diaphysis Which statements characterize the periosteum? It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. It is directly beneath articular cartilage. It helps to heal bone fractures It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. It helps to heal bone fractures. The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the ______ epiphysis. proximal The bone structure labeled B, which wraps around the bone in the figure, is the periosteum A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called articular cartilage When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called osteocytes Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as ______ bones. short Mature bone cells are called osteocytes A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the ______. periosteum ______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone. osteoclasts When osteoblast activity out paces osteoclast activity, bone mass ______. increases Osteoblasts function to ______. bone formation/produce osteoid Which statements characterize osteocytes? They maintain bone matrix. They break down bone matrix. They secrete osteoid. They reside in lacunae. They maintain bone matrix. They reside in lacunae. Which statement(s) characterize osteoclasts? They secrete osteoid. They have ruffled borders. They are phagocytic. They reabsorb bone matrix. They secrete hydrochloric acid. They have ruffled borders. They are phagocytic. They reabsorb bone matrix. They secrete hydrochloric acid. Osteoporosis is characterized by a significant loss in bone mass. What cell type is less active than normal during this disease? osteoblasts The formation and development of bone is ossification An osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of compact bone The type of ossification that is also referred to as dermal ossification, is called ___ ossification intramembranous Which statements characterize endochondral ossification? Bone replaces cartilage including the articular cartilage of a long bone. The primary ossification centers form in the epiphyses of bone. Some stem cells in the perichondrium become osteoblasts. Cartilage calcifies during this process. Hyaline cartilage models form. Some stem cells in the perichondrium become osteoblasts. Cartilage calcifies during this process. Hyaline cartilage models form. Ossification begins ______. in the embryo In the structure of the epiphyseal plate, the zone farthest away from the medullary cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is the zone of ____ resting cartilage A long bone's growth in length is called ______. interstitial growth Place the following steps of endochondral ossification in the correct order. 1. Hyaline cartilage model develops 2. periosteal bone collar 3. primary ossification center appears 4. secondary ossification center appears 5. epiphyseal plate becomes epiphyseal lines Place the zones of an epiphyseal plate in their correct order. Start with the zone closest to the epiphysis. 1. zone of resting cartilage 2. zone of proliferating cartilage 3. zone of hypertrophic cartilage 4. zone of calcified cartilage 5. zone of ossification The function of parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels A bone's growth in diameter is called? appositional growth Which statements characterize bone markings? They indicate sites of blood vessels entry through bone. They can sometimes be used in skeletal remains to determine a person's sex. They are sites of bone marrow l production. They are sites of articulations. They mark points of attachment for tendons and ligaments. They indicate sites of blood vessels entry through bone. They can sometimes be used in skeletal remains to determine a person's sex. They are sites of articulations. They mark points of attachment for tendons and ligaments. In endochondral ossification, the cartilage model is what type of cartilage? hyaline cartilage Which blood vessel supplies the diaphysis of a long bone? Nutrient artery In the structure of the epiphyseal plate, the zone farthest away from the medullary cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is the zone of ______. resting cartilage Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity? calcitonin True or False: Bone markings on skeletal remains indicate where the soft tissue components once were. true Depressions and grooves on bones usually indicate where blood vessels and nerves travel Which are the two main divisions of the skeletal system? Appendicular skeleton Axial skeleton The appendicular skeleton consist of the bones of the____ limbs and lower limbs, as well as the ____ and pelvic girdles. upper/pectoral Which are facial bones? Palatine and lacrimal bones When you put your hand on your forehead, you are feeling which bone? frontal bone Which skeletal regions are part of the axial skeleton? Vertebral column Thoracic cage Skull A bump normally felt on the back of the head is called the external ___ protuberance occipital Which components are part of the appendicular skeleton? Pectoral girdle Upper limb Pelvic girdle Lower limb The largest foramen in the skull, visible on an inferior (basal) view, is the ______. foramen magnum Which bone helps to form the cranium of the skull? frontal bone Sutures are immovable joints forming the boundaries between the ______. cranial bones What structure is between the orbits of the eyes and superior to the bridge of the nose? Glabella Which suture can be seen in its entirety in a posterior view of the skull? lambdoid suture The orbital part of the frontal bone forms the roof of the orbit What structures are immediately adjacent the foramen magnum? Occipital condyles