‘A’ LEVEL REVISION QUESTIONS
1. (a) Discuss the role of genes in protein synthesis.
(b) What are the causes of variation and its biological importance?
(C) Account for the causes of variations in asexually reproducing population.
2. (a) What is the fate of a glucose molecule in the cell cytoplasm
(b) Discuss the energy flow in a named ecosystem.
3. (a) Outline the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the human body.
(b) Compare the ANS and the endocrine system.
4. (a) How is stomatal opening brought about in leaves?
(b) Why is transpiration considered a necessary evil to plant life?
5. (a) Compare the open circulatory system and closed circulatory system.
(b) Describe the functioning of the circulatory system in insects.
6. (a) With specific examples explain how the alternation of generation occur in living
organsms.
7. (a) What is meant by the term ecological succession?
(b) Describe the stage involved in succession on an abandoned farm land.
(c) How does biomass, specie number and biodiversity very with the serial stages.
8. Write an essay on the phytochrome systems.
9. (a) Explain what the expression safe period means with reference to a woman’s menstrual
cycle.
(b) Describe the hormonal and other changes that occur from fertilization to birth in
humans.
10. (a) What is the biological significance of homeostasis?
(b) Outline the homeostatic processes and their functioning in animals.
11. (a) What is the biological significance of homeostasis?
(b) Trace the evolutionary trend of water conservation mechanisms of organisms.
(c) Explain using a diagram the structure and functioning of he kidney nephron.
12. (a) Relate the structure of the following to their functions:
(i) Carbohydrates
(ii) Proteins.
13. (a) With evidence discuss the sliding filament hypothesis in musclar movement.
(b) Outline the adaptations of birds for flight.
14. (a) Outline the evidence4 of evolution.
(b) Discuss the evolutionary evidence from the organic evolutionary point.
, -2-
15. (a) Briefly outline the advancements of phylum anthropods over phylum annelida.
(b) Discuss with reasons he biodiversity and success of anthropods.
16. Discuss man’s influence and impact on the environment.
17. (a) Outline the effect of large mammals in a national park.
(b) Using a suitable method describe how the population size may be determined.
(c) Explain the management of such mammals for a stable ecosystem.
18. (a) Discuss the response of stomata to environmental factors.
(b) Explain why the stomata of a leaf tend to open during day and close at night. What
advantage is there in this?
19. (a) What is the role of transpiration in plants? Describe the mechanism of transpiration
(b) What factors affect rate of transpiration?
(c) What theories have been advanced to explain translocation in plants?
20. (a) What is meant by translocation?
(b) What theories have been advanced to explain translocation in plants?
21. (a) What is an essential element in plants?
(b) Name all the micro-nutrients and macro-nutrients of plants. What are the respective
functions in plant growth?
22. (a) Compare oxidation phosphoryalation and photosynthetic phosphorylation.
(b) Discuss the “light” and “dark” stages of photosynthesis.
(c) Name and give functions of the photosynthetic pigments present in plant cells.
23. (a) Describe the structure of muscles.
(b) Describe the sequence of Event involved in the stimulation and contraction of the
skeletal muscle fibre.
(c) What are the functions of muscles?
24. (a) Outline the chemical changes which the proteins and the fats undergo when they are
used as energy source. Illustrate where the products of the change link up with
carbohydrate respiration.
(b) Discuss the role of A.T.P. in a living cell.
25. (a) Describe with specific examples how different animals conceal themselves from their
enemies.
(b) What factors would enable a predator to successfully act as a biological control.
26. (a) Describe the sequence of events in which a molecule of CO 2 expired by Herbivore
might become incorporated into a molecule of Glycogen in another animal of the same
species.
(b) Describe with examples how and where plants store food. What is the importance of
the stored food to the plant?
, -3-
27. Compare the changes which take place in the reproductive organs leading to the formation
of Gametes in man.
28. (a) Explain how the mammalian kidney eliminates metabolic waste products from the
body.
(b) Discuss how different terrestrial mammals conserve water.
29. (a) A mutation is a source of genetic variation in a population. How do such variations
arise? How are they maintained within a population and what are their importances?
(b) Sexual reproduction reduces the level of genetic variation in a population. Outline the4
mechanism by which a sexual reproduction is achieved and under what circumstances
might lack of genetic variation be advantageous?
30. (a) Give an account of the production of gametes by the mammalian ovary.
(b) Explain the role of hormones in sexual cycle of a female mammal.
(c) How does the role of hormones change?
(i) The early stages of pregnancy?
(ii) The final stages of pregnancy?
31. (a) Show how amoeba and spyrogyra can be classed together as living organisms but
distinguished as an animal and a plant cell.
(b) Describe the mechanism of locomotion of amoeba.
32. (a) Describe and account for the circulatory and respiratory changes which occur in the
skeletal muscle during assertion of strenuous exercise on them.
(b) Describe the mechanism concerned with the transport of CO 2 in the blood and its
release at the alveoli surface.
33. (a) Describe the structure of a protein molecule.
(b) Discuss the roles of proteins in the Human.
34. (a) Describe the structure of DNA molecule.
(b) Describe the mechanism of protein synthesis in a cell.
(c) Briefly state how an animal deals with excess proteins.
35. (a) What is an ecosystem?
(b) Describe the flow of energy and recycling of carbon and nitrogen in any named
ecosystem.
36. (a) Giving examples explain how some animals are able to utilize cellulose available in
their food.
(b) What problems does a man with a ruptured pancreas face in utilizing ingested food?
37. (a) Define evolution.
(b) Variation is said to provide the raw materials for evolution. This can be due to
environmental or genetic factors. Describe how both sources of variation could contribute to
specialization and evolution.
(c) How has man used this knowledge of variation and evolution to his benefit?
, -4-
38. (a) What is a parasite?
(b) Describe the adaptations of the named parasite in (b) above to its mode of nutrition.
39. (a) Protection storage transport conduction ad support are some of the functions performed
by plant tissues for each of the functions, name one different tissue and show how the
structure of the tissue is related to its function.
(b) Outline the different methods by which insects transmit plant and animal disease
giving examples.
40. (a) Discuss the response of stomata to environmental factors.
(b) Explain why the stomata of a leaf tend to open during day and close at night. What
advantage is there in this?
41. (a) Insects have been regarded as a very successful group in life. State factors that have
contributed to the success of the insects’ class.
(b) Outline the different methods by which insects transmit plant and animal disease
giving examples.
42. (a) What is the role of transpiration in plants? Describe the mechanism of transpiration.
(b) What factors affect rate of transpiration?
(c) What process is responsible for the phenomenon of guttation?
(d) Explain how transpiration bring about rise of water up a tall plant.
43. (a) What is meant by translocation?
(b) What theories have been advanced to explain translocation in plants?
44. (a) What is an essential element in plants?
(b) Name all the micro-nutrients and macro-nutrients of plants. What are their respective
functions in plant growth?
45. (a) Compare oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation.
(b) Discuss the “light” and “dark” stages of photosynthesis.
(c) Name and give functions of the photosynthetic pigments present in plant cells.
46. (a) Compare photosynthetic phosphorylation and oxidation phosphorlation. What are the
role of ferredoxin and phostoquinone?
(b) Describe the light reactions of photosynthesis. What are the products of these
reactions?
(c) Compare the process of cyclic and non-cyclic photosysphorylation.
(d) Discuss the sequence of events that constitute the dark reaction of photosynthesis.
What are the products of these reactions?
47. Write a concise description of the structure and life history of the common mushroom and
account for their relatively widespread distribution of this fungus.
48. Compare and contrast from the functional point of view the circulatory systems of a
mammal and an earthworm.
1. (a) Discuss the role of genes in protein synthesis.
(b) What are the causes of variation and its biological importance?
(C) Account for the causes of variations in asexually reproducing population.
2. (a) What is the fate of a glucose molecule in the cell cytoplasm
(b) Discuss the energy flow in a named ecosystem.
3. (a) Outline the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the human body.
(b) Compare the ANS and the endocrine system.
4. (a) How is stomatal opening brought about in leaves?
(b) Why is transpiration considered a necessary evil to plant life?
5. (a) Compare the open circulatory system and closed circulatory system.
(b) Describe the functioning of the circulatory system in insects.
6. (a) With specific examples explain how the alternation of generation occur in living
organsms.
7. (a) What is meant by the term ecological succession?
(b) Describe the stage involved in succession on an abandoned farm land.
(c) How does biomass, specie number and biodiversity very with the serial stages.
8. Write an essay on the phytochrome systems.
9. (a) Explain what the expression safe period means with reference to a woman’s menstrual
cycle.
(b) Describe the hormonal and other changes that occur from fertilization to birth in
humans.
10. (a) What is the biological significance of homeostasis?
(b) Outline the homeostatic processes and their functioning in animals.
11. (a) What is the biological significance of homeostasis?
(b) Trace the evolutionary trend of water conservation mechanisms of organisms.
(c) Explain using a diagram the structure and functioning of he kidney nephron.
12. (a) Relate the structure of the following to their functions:
(i) Carbohydrates
(ii) Proteins.
13. (a) With evidence discuss the sliding filament hypothesis in musclar movement.
(b) Outline the adaptations of birds for flight.
14. (a) Outline the evidence4 of evolution.
(b) Discuss the evolutionary evidence from the organic evolutionary point.
, -2-
15. (a) Briefly outline the advancements of phylum anthropods over phylum annelida.
(b) Discuss with reasons he biodiversity and success of anthropods.
16. Discuss man’s influence and impact on the environment.
17. (a) Outline the effect of large mammals in a national park.
(b) Using a suitable method describe how the population size may be determined.
(c) Explain the management of such mammals for a stable ecosystem.
18. (a) Discuss the response of stomata to environmental factors.
(b) Explain why the stomata of a leaf tend to open during day and close at night. What
advantage is there in this?
19. (a) What is the role of transpiration in plants? Describe the mechanism of transpiration
(b) What factors affect rate of transpiration?
(c) What theories have been advanced to explain translocation in plants?
20. (a) What is meant by translocation?
(b) What theories have been advanced to explain translocation in plants?
21. (a) What is an essential element in plants?
(b) Name all the micro-nutrients and macro-nutrients of plants. What are the respective
functions in plant growth?
22. (a) Compare oxidation phosphoryalation and photosynthetic phosphorylation.
(b) Discuss the “light” and “dark” stages of photosynthesis.
(c) Name and give functions of the photosynthetic pigments present in plant cells.
23. (a) Describe the structure of muscles.
(b) Describe the sequence of Event involved in the stimulation and contraction of the
skeletal muscle fibre.
(c) What are the functions of muscles?
24. (a) Outline the chemical changes which the proteins and the fats undergo when they are
used as energy source. Illustrate where the products of the change link up with
carbohydrate respiration.
(b) Discuss the role of A.T.P. in a living cell.
25. (a) Describe with specific examples how different animals conceal themselves from their
enemies.
(b) What factors would enable a predator to successfully act as a biological control.
26. (a) Describe the sequence of events in which a molecule of CO 2 expired by Herbivore
might become incorporated into a molecule of Glycogen in another animal of the same
species.
(b) Describe with examples how and where plants store food. What is the importance of
the stored food to the plant?
, -3-
27. Compare the changes which take place in the reproductive organs leading to the formation
of Gametes in man.
28. (a) Explain how the mammalian kidney eliminates metabolic waste products from the
body.
(b) Discuss how different terrestrial mammals conserve water.
29. (a) A mutation is a source of genetic variation in a population. How do such variations
arise? How are they maintained within a population and what are their importances?
(b) Sexual reproduction reduces the level of genetic variation in a population. Outline the4
mechanism by which a sexual reproduction is achieved and under what circumstances
might lack of genetic variation be advantageous?
30. (a) Give an account of the production of gametes by the mammalian ovary.
(b) Explain the role of hormones in sexual cycle of a female mammal.
(c) How does the role of hormones change?
(i) The early stages of pregnancy?
(ii) The final stages of pregnancy?
31. (a) Show how amoeba and spyrogyra can be classed together as living organisms but
distinguished as an animal and a plant cell.
(b) Describe the mechanism of locomotion of amoeba.
32. (a) Describe and account for the circulatory and respiratory changes which occur in the
skeletal muscle during assertion of strenuous exercise on them.
(b) Describe the mechanism concerned with the transport of CO 2 in the blood and its
release at the alveoli surface.
33. (a) Describe the structure of a protein molecule.
(b) Discuss the roles of proteins in the Human.
34. (a) Describe the structure of DNA molecule.
(b) Describe the mechanism of protein synthesis in a cell.
(c) Briefly state how an animal deals with excess proteins.
35. (a) What is an ecosystem?
(b) Describe the flow of energy and recycling of carbon and nitrogen in any named
ecosystem.
36. (a) Giving examples explain how some animals are able to utilize cellulose available in
their food.
(b) What problems does a man with a ruptured pancreas face in utilizing ingested food?
37. (a) Define evolution.
(b) Variation is said to provide the raw materials for evolution. This can be due to
environmental or genetic factors. Describe how both sources of variation could contribute to
specialization and evolution.
(c) How has man used this knowledge of variation and evolution to his benefit?
, -4-
38. (a) What is a parasite?
(b) Describe the adaptations of the named parasite in (b) above to its mode of nutrition.
39. (a) Protection storage transport conduction ad support are some of the functions performed
by plant tissues for each of the functions, name one different tissue and show how the
structure of the tissue is related to its function.
(b) Outline the different methods by which insects transmit plant and animal disease
giving examples.
40. (a) Discuss the response of stomata to environmental factors.
(b) Explain why the stomata of a leaf tend to open during day and close at night. What
advantage is there in this?
41. (a) Insects have been regarded as a very successful group in life. State factors that have
contributed to the success of the insects’ class.
(b) Outline the different methods by which insects transmit plant and animal disease
giving examples.
42. (a) What is the role of transpiration in plants? Describe the mechanism of transpiration.
(b) What factors affect rate of transpiration?
(c) What process is responsible for the phenomenon of guttation?
(d) Explain how transpiration bring about rise of water up a tall plant.
43. (a) What is meant by translocation?
(b) What theories have been advanced to explain translocation in plants?
44. (a) What is an essential element in plants?
(b) Name all the micro-nutrients and macro-nutrients of plants. What are their respective
functions in plant growth?
45. (a) Compare oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation.
(b) Discuss the “light” and “dark” stages of photosynthesis.
(c) Name and give functions of the photosynthetic pigments present in plant cells.
46. (a) Compare photosynthetic phosphorylation and oxidation phosphorlation. What are the
role of ferredoxin and phostoquinone?
(b) Describe the light reactions of photosynthesis. What are the products of these
reactions?
(c) Compare the process of cyclic and non-cyclic photosysphorylation.
(d) Discuss the sequence of events that constitute the dark reaction of photosynthesis.
What are the products of these reactions?
47. Write a concise description of the structure and life history of the common mushroom and
account for their relatively widespread distribution of this fungus.
48. Compare and contrast from the functional point of view the circulatory systems of a
mammal and an earthworm.
