NURS 321 Final Exam – Questions With Step By Step
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Sherpath: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 21 Test Case Study 4 (Short
30 terms 24 terms 22 terms
jesssbee Preview kenanderson2017 Preview Brittany182
Terms in this set (221)
Diabetes will show what signs in the eyes? Retinal hemorrhages; bulging eyes
Thyroid issues?
What is a white ring around the eye called? Arcus senilis; indicative of high cholesterol
What is it indicative of?
What is xanthoma? What might it indicate? Looks like skin tags in eye on bottom conjunctiva; may
indicate lipid problem
What is normal vision change in those over Depressed myopia: difficulty accommodating to close-up
40? objects
What do halos in vision indicate? Acute primary angle (closed) glaucoma--> MEDICAL
EMERGENCY (indicates innerocular pressure that suddenly
occurs, no exchange of fluid)
What is red reflex? When light is shined in the eye, should see redness reflected
from eye as the eye reacts
Important steps in given eye drops Should use separate R and L eye drop applicator; need to
change gloves and do hand hygiene between each eye
What is a cataract? How do they form? What Acataract is characterized by a clouding of the eye's lens,
are steps in formation? which impairsvision. The lens is made up mostly of water and
protein. A cataractoccurs when this protein clumps together
and prevents some light form reachingthe retina. When first
forming, a cataract may affect only a small areaof the lens and
may not interfere with eyesight. However, as a cataract
grows,in canseverely impair your vision, and treatment
becomes necessaryolda); b = safe_add(b, oldb); c =
safe_add(c, oldc); d = safe_
Signs of symptoms of cataract? Themost common symptoms of a cataract are:cloudyor blurry
vision seeinghalos around lights difficultyadjusting to bright
light poornight vision frequentchange in eyeglass
prescriptions
Changes in vision from birth to school age Infants: hyperopic visual 20/200 School age: 20/20 Peripheral
children vision developed at birth; Central vision develops later
,How are cataracts treated? Inthe early stages of a cataract, eyeglasses, magnifying
lenses, or strongerlighting may be effective in improving
vision. When these tactics fail,surgery is usually required. In
cataract surgery, the lens of the eye isremoved and replaced
by an artificial lens. This new lens allows light to passthrough
to the retina, restoring vision. Cataract surgery is one of
themost common surgeries preformed in the United States. In
fact, more than1 million procedures are performed each year,
and more than 95% of thesesurgeries are considered
successful.:/QZ 8u[DuM5`;J~`u$0E
Who is at risk for a cataract? Themost common type of cataract, age-related cataract,
affects more than half ofall Americans 65 years and older.
What is presbyopia? When is it common? Difficulty accomodating; 70 years old
Vision changes in older adults Presbyopia; visual disturbances with night vision, smaller pupil,
cataracts common; dry eye common
Important considerations for enhancing Those >60 require 2 times more illumination for close tasks
vision in older adults compared to the average 20 year old. Avoid monochromic
colors (blue, green, violet) because the older person will have
difficulty discriminating borders.
Eye Exam requires Snellen Chart, Jaegar Card, Occulder, Penlight,
Opthalmoscope
Entropian v. Ectropian Entropian: lid goes in Ectropian: lid goes out
What do we assess lacrimal apparatus for? Redness, swelling, and tenderness
What is the cornea? What do we evaluate? Anterior outer layer that covers pupil and iris Shine light from
side; check smoothness, clarity, no breaks
What is the iris and pupil? How do we assess Iris flat, round even color Note pupil size, shape, equality
them?
What is Brushfield spots? White specks in the iris; sign of Down Syndrome
What is PERRLA? How do we test it? Pupils Equal Round Reactive Light Accommodation For
Pupillary light reflex: darken room, patient looks straight
ahead, brng light to side, check direct and consensual
response--document in mm. For accomodation: constriction
and convergence-- have patient look distant (pupils will
dilate), have patients look at object 3 inches from eyes (pupils
will constrict with closeness)
What are the 2Ds and 3Cs of 2ds: distance-->dilate 3Cs: close, converse, contrict
accomodation?
Normal pupillary size to light reflex Usually 3-5 mm
How is Snellen Chart used? What do results Tests distance vision, stand 20 feet away, leave contacts and
indicate? glasses, cover one eye, have pt read the smallest line of print
Normal=20/20 Numerator=distance from chart (should be 20)
Denomintor= distance normal eye could read chart
, How is a Jaeger Card used? What are Hold card 14 inches away, test eyes individually with glasses;
normal results? can test myopia and hyperopia Normal: 14/14 in each eye
What is the confrontation test? What is 0Measureof peripheral vision - practitioner's visual field MUST
normal? What should be documented? be normal.0Advancingfrom periphery with finger, slightly
behind patient0NORMAL= 50 degrees upward, 90 degrees
temporal, 70 degrees down, 60 degrees nasal.0DOCUMENT:
Visual fields intact.
Extraocular muscle function involves testing III, IV, VI
what cranial nerves?
What is corneal light reflection test? What is Assess alignment of eyes, patient looks straight ahead,
normal result? What would documentation reflection of light on corneas Normal is symmetric If abnormal
be like? then do cover/uncover test (when uncovering, may see
drifting of eye "lazy eye") Document: Corneal light reflex
bilateral alignment noted
What is the cover/uncover test for Patient looks straight ahead at distant object; cover one eye
extraocular muscle function? What are (look at uncovered eye--> normal=fixed); uncover the eye--
normal findings? look at eye that was covered (normal=eye should not move
and should also be looking in the same direction); repeat with
other eye
What are cardinal positions of gaze? What is Patient keeps head still and follow finger or penlight with eyes
normal? What should you watch for? ONLY; move in 6 position--H position Normal-tracking with
BOTH eyes Watch for: Lateral gaze, nystagmus //fce-
study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-
flashcards/64/67/97/18646797_m.jpg
Care of eyes includes: 0Clean frominner to outer canthus with wet, warm cloth,
cotton ball, or compress0Use artificialtear solution or normal
saline every 4 hours if blink reflex is absent - ifordered by
physician00Care foreyeglasses, contact lens, or artificial eye if
indicated
How do blood vessels in eyes differ from Veins are larger in the eyes than arteries
the rest of vessels in body?
Steps for instilling eye drops 0Wash Hands0Glove0OfferTissues0CleanEye / Eyelids /
Eyelashes0Tilthead back0Holdthe dropper close but DON'T
touch eye0Letdrop(s) fall in as prescribed in the conjunctival
sac0Presslightly on inner canthus to decrease systemic effect.
Steps for applying eye ointments 0Perform6 rights for medication
Administration0WashHands0Wear Gloves0CleanEye / Eyelids
/ Eyelashes0Tilthead back0Applypressure downward to
expose lower eye0Applyprescribed amount along the
conjunctival sac0Closeeyes gently
What is the main function of the ears? Hearing and equilibrium
How do sound waves travel through ear? Move through the external, middle, and internal ear to
stimulate CN VIII; then transmit the impulses to the temporal
lobe for sound interpretation Equilibrium is maintained
through the vestibule of the inner eye
Conductive v. sensorimotor hearing Conductive: transmission of sound through external to middle
ear Sensorineural: transmission of sound in inner ear
Solutions
Save
Students also studied
Sherpath: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 21 Test Case Study 4 (Short
30 terms 24 terms 22 terms
jesssbee Preview kenanderson2017 Preview Brittany182
Terms in this set (221)
Diabetes will show what signs in the eyes? Retinal hemorrhages; bulging eyes
Thyroid issues?
What is a white ring around the eye called? Arcus senilis; indicative of high cholesterol
What is it indicative of?
What is xanthoma? What might it indicate? Looks like skin tags in eye on bottom conjunctiva; may
indicate lipid problem
What is normal vision change in those over Depressed myopia: difficulty accommodating to close-up
40? objects
What do halos in vision indicate? Acute primary angle (closed) glaucoma--> MEDICAL
EMERGENCY (indicates innerocular pressure that suddenly
occurs, no exchange of fluid)
What is red reflex? When light is shined in the eye, should see redness reflected
from eye as the eye reacts
Important steps in given eye drops Should use separate R and L eye drop applicator; need to
change gloves and do hand hygiene between each eye
What is a cataract? How do they form? What Acataract is characterized by a clouding of the eye's lens,
are steps in formation? which impairsvision. The lens is made up mostly of water and
protein. A cataractoccurs when this protein clumps together
and prevents some light form reachingthe retina. When first
forming, a cataract may affect only a small areaof the lens and
may not interfere with eyesight. However, as a cataract
grows,in canseverely impair your vision, and treatment
becomes necessaryolda); b = safe_add(b, oldb); c =
safe_add(c, oldc); d = safe_
Signs of symptoms of cataract? Themost common symptoms of a cataract are:cloudyor blurry
vision seeinghalos around lights difficultyadjusting to bright
light poornight vision frequentchange in eyeglass
prescriptions
Changes in vision from birth to school age Infants: hyperopic visual 20/200 School age: 20/20 Peripheral
children vision developed at birth; Central vision develops later
,How are cataracts treated? Inthe early stages of a cataract, eyeglasses, magnifying
lenses, or strongerlighting may be effective in improving
vision. When these tactics fail,surgery is usually required. In
cataract surgery, the lens of the eye isremoved and replaced
by an artificial lens. This new lens allows light to passthrough
to the retina, restoring vision. Cataract surgery is one of
themost common surgeries preformed in the United States. In
fact, more than1 million procedures are performed each year,
and more than 95% of thesesurgeries are considered
successful.:/QZ 8u[DuM5`;J~`u$0E
Who is at risk for a cataract? Themost common type of cataract, age-related cataract,
affects more than half ofall Americans 65 years and older.
What is presbyopia? When is it common? Difficulty accomodating; 70 years old
Vision changes in older adults Presbyopia; visual disturbances with night vision, smaller pupil,
cataracts common; dry eye common
Important considerations for enhancing Those >60 require 2 times more illumination for close tasks
vision in older adults compared to the average 20 year old. Avoid monochromic
colors (blue, green, violet) because the older person will have
difficulty discriminating borders.
Eye Exam requires Snellen Chart, Jaegar Card, Occulder, Penlight,
Opthalmoscope
Entropian v. Ectropian Entropian: lid goes in Ectropian: lid goes out
What do we assess lacrimal apparatus for? Redness, swelling, and tenderness
What is the cornea? What do we evaluate? Anterior outer layer that covers pupil and iris Shine light from
side; check smoothness, clarity, no breaks
What is the iris and pupil? How do we assess Iris flat, round even color Note pupil size, shape, equality
them?
What is Brushfield spots? White specks in the iris; sign of Down Syndrome
What is PERRLA? How do we test it? Pupils Equal Round Reactive Light Accommodation For
Pupillary light reflex: darken room, patient looks straight
ahead, brng light to side, check direct and consensual
response--document in mm. For accomodation: constriction
and convergence-- have patient look distant (pupils will
dilate), have patients look at object 3 inches from eyes (pupils
will constrict with closeness)
What are the 2Ds and 3Cs of 2ds: distance-->dilate 3Cs: close, converse, contrict
accomodation?
Normal pupillary size to light reflex Usually 3-5 mm
How is Snellen Chart used? What do results Tests distance vision, stand 20 feet away, leave contacts and
indicate? glasses, cover one eye, have pt read the smallest line of print
Normal=20/20 Numerator=distance from chart (should be 20)
Denomintor= distance normal eye could read chart
, How is a Jaeger Card used? What are Hold card 14 inches away, test eyes individually with glasses;
normal results? can test myopia and hyperopia Normal: 14/14 in each eye
What is the confrontation test? What is 0Measureof peripheral vision - practitioner's visual field MUST
normal? What should be documented? be normal.0Advancingfrom periphery with finger, slightly
behind patient0NORMAL= 50 degrees upward, 90 degrees
temporal, 70 degrees down, 60 degrees nasal.0DOCUMENT:
Visual fields intact.
Extraocular muscle function involves testing III, IV, VI
what cranial nerves?
What is corneal light reflection test? What is Assess alignment of eyes, patient looks straight ahead,
normal result? What would documentation reflection of light on corneas Normal is symmetric If abnormal
be like? then do cover/uncover test (when uncovering, may see
drifting of eye "lazy eye") Document: Corneal light reflex
bilateral alignment noted
What is the cover/uncover test for Patient looks straight ahead at distant object; cover one eye
extraocular muscle function? What are (look at uncovered eye--> normal=fixed); uncover the eye--
normal findings? look at eye that was covered (normal=eye should not move
and should also be looking in the same direction); repeat with
other eye
What are cardinal positions of gaze? What is Patient keeps head still and follow finger or penlight with eyes
normal? What should you watch for? ONLY; move in 6 position--H position Normal-tracking with
BOTH eyes Watch for: Lateral gaze, nystagmus //fce-
study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-
flashcards/64/67/97/18646797_m.jpg
Care of eyes includes: 0Clean frominner to outer canthus with wet, warm cloth,
cotton ball, or compress0Use artificialtear solution or normal
saline every 4 hours if blink reflex is absent - ifordered by
physician00Care foreyeglasses, contact lens, or artificial eye if
indicated
How do blood vessels in eyes differ from Veins are larger in the eyes than arteries
the rest of vessels in body?
Steps for instilling eye drops 0Wash Hands0Glove0OfferTissues0CleanEye / Eyelids /
Eyelashes0Tilthead back0Holdthe dropper close but DON'T
touch eye0Letdrop(s) fall in as prescribed in the conjunctival
sac0Presslightly on inner canthus to decrease systemic effect.
Steps for applying eye ointments 0Perform6 rights for medication
Administration0WashHands0Wear Gloves0CleanEye / Eyelids
/ Eyelashes0Tilthead back0Applypressure downward to
expose lower eye0Applyprescribed amount along the
conjunctival sac0Closeeyes gently
What is the main function of the ears? Hearing and equilibrium
How do sound waves travel through ear? Move through the external, middle, and internal ear to
stimulate CN VIII; then transmit the impulses to the temporal
lobe for sound interpretation Equilibrium is maintained
through the vestibule of the inner eye
Conductive v. sensorimotor hearing Conductive: transmission of sound through external to middle
ear Sensorineural: transmission of sound in inner ear
