12/20/25, 11:27 AM NR 507 Cardiovascular Flashcards | Quizlet
Science Medicine Cardiology
NR 507 Cardiovascular 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
Cardiovascular disorders Cardiovascular disorders are prevalent in primary care. Many
of the disorders develop over several years, due to the risk
factors to which individuals have been exposed. For each
disorder covered in this unit, a discussion of risk factors will be
included. For the concepts covered below, clinical application
of each disease will be provided so that students can
understand the importance of pathophysiology in diagnosing
and treating the disease.
Prerequisite knowledge:
For this content, you should have a basic knowledge of
cardiac anatomy; know the differences between the right and
left sides of the heart, in terms of structure and function. You
should also possess solid knowledge of the unidirectional
blood flow through the heart. For example, deoxygenated
blood arrives to the right side of the heart, travels to the
pulmonary arteries to release CO2 and pick up oxygen. At this
point, the oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs through
the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart where it
eventually reaches the aorta to carry oxygenated blood out
to the body organs. The cellular physiology related to cardiac
contraction is another important basic concept to know, as
electrolytes (sodium, potassium and calcium) play a major role
in muscle contraction. Finally, the concepts of preload,
afterload, and contractility are essential to understand, as all
of these can be affected in some way when a person has
cardiovascular disease.
https://quizlet.com/605636213/nr-507-cardiovascular-flash-cards/ 1/9
, 12/20/25, 11:27 AM NR 507 Cardiovascular Flashcards | Quizlet
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? CAD is considered the leading cause of death in the United
States (U.S.). It is the result of longstanding atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the endothelium. It is
the endothelium, under normal functioning that maintains
balance between the vasoconstrictive and vasodilation
actions, prevents platelets from aggregating and control of
the production of fibrin. When the endothelium becomes
damaged, our familiar inflammatory processes occur.
Macrophages attach to the endothelium, setting up
phagocytosis; plaque formation and vasoconstriction also
occurs marking the beginning of atherosclerosis. The plaque
lesions located in the vessels become enlarged which allows
the plaque to progress within the enlarged vessel lumen. The
plaque lesion disrupts normal blood flow and causes
thrombus formation which can be triggered by cardiac risk
factors such as elevated LDL, cholesterol, smoking and
diabetes.
So, why is this a problem?
Well, the plaque takes decades to develop in the coronary
arteries. With mild disease, blood flow can get through the
arteries and the patient is asymptomatic. Overtime, this build
up can lead to narrowing which results in decreased oxygen
supply. When atherosclerosis reaches a clinically significant
level, the patient will begin to experience angina. Further
progression of the disease will result in acute coronary
syndrome (ACS), formerly known as myocardial infarction
(MI).
The major risk factor for the development of The major risk factor for the development of CAD is family
CAD history. There is a 50% higher risk for individuals to develop
heart disease if they have a first degree relative (especially
father) or sibling who has suffered from ACS or premature
cardiac death (< age 55 years). Lifestyle also impacts risk,
especially tobacco use and even secondhand smoke
exposure. It is always important for the NP to stress smoking
cessation with all patients who smoke tobacco, in order to
decrease the patient's risk for CAD. Sedentary lifestyle will
also increase one's risk for developing CAD. Physical inactivity
can lead to overweight (BMI 25-29.9) or obesity (BMI 30 and
above). Male gender, hypertension, Elevated total cholesterol,
elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and/or decreased
high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are also risk factors, as well as
diabetes mellitus.
https://quizlet.com/605636213/nr-507-cardiovascular-flash-cards/ 2/9
Science Medicine Cardiology
NR 507 Cardiovascular 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
Cardiovascular disorders Cardiovascular disorders are prevalent in primary care. Many
of the disorders develop over several years, due to the risk
factors to which individuals have been exposed. For each
disorder covered in this unit, a discussion of risk factors will be
included. For the concepts covered below, clinical application
of each disease will be provided so that students can
understand the importance of pathophysiology in diagnosing
and treating the disease.
Prerequisite knowledge:
For this content, you should have a basic knowledge of
cardiac anatomy; know the differences between the right and
left sides of the heart, in terms of structure and function. You
should also possess solid knowledge of the unidirectional
blood flow through the heart. For example, deoxygenated
blood arrives to the right side of the heart, travels to the
pulmonary arteries to release CO2 and pick up oxygen. At this
point, the oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs through
the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart where it
eventually reaches the aorta to carry oxygenated blood out
to the body organs. The cellular physiology related to cardiac
contraction is another important basic concept to know, as
electrolytes (sodium, potassium and calcium) play a major role
in muscle contraction. Finally, the concepts of preload,
afterload, and contractility are essential to understand, as all
of these can be affected in some way when a person has
cardiovascular disease.
https://quizlet.com/605636213/nr-507-cardiovascular-flash-cards/ 1/9
, 12/20/25, 11:27 AM NR 507 Cardiovascular Flashcards | Quizlet
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? CAD is considered the leading cause of death in the United
States (U.S.). It is the result of longstanding atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the endothelium. It is
the endothelium, under normal functioning that maintains
balance between the vasoconstrictive and vasodilation
actions, prevents platelets from aggregating and control of
the production of fibrin. When the endothelium becomes
damaged, our familiar inflammatory processes occur.
Macrophages attach to the endothelium, setting up
phagocytosis; plaque formation and vasoconstriction also
occurs marking the beginning of atherosclerosis. The plaque
lesions located in the vessels become enlarged which allows
the plaque to progress within the enlarged vessel lumen. The
plaque lesion disrupts normal blood flow and causes
thrombus formation which can be triggered by cardiac risk
factors such as elevated LDL, cholesterol, smoking and
diabetes.
So, why is this a problem?
Well, the plaque takes decades to develop in the coronary
arteries. With mild disease, blood flow can get through the
arteries and the patient is asymptomatic. Overtime, this build
up can lead to narrowing which results in decreased oxygen
supply. When atherosclerosis reaches a clinically significant
level, the patient will begin to experience angina. Further
progression of the disease will result in acute coronary
syndrome (ACS), formerly known as myocardial infarction
(MI).
The major risk factor for the development of The major risk factor for the development of CAD is family
CAD history. There is a 50% higher risk for individuals to develop
heart disease if they have a first degree relative (especially
father) or sibling who has suffered from ACS or premature
cardiac death (< age 55 years). Lifestyle also impacts risk,
especially tobacco use and even secondhand smoke
exposure. It is always important for the NP to stress smoking
cessation with all patients who smoke tobacco, in order to
decrease the patient's risk for CAD. Sedentary lifestyle will
also increase one's risk for developing CAD. Physical inactivity
can lead to overweight (BMI 25-29.9) or obesity (BMI 30 and
above). Male gender, hypertension, Elevated total cholesterol,
elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and/or decreased
high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are also risk factors, as well as
diabetes mellitus.
https://quizlet.com/605636213/nr-507-cardiovascular-flash-cards/ 2/9
