Oxford Cambridge and RSA
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A-Level OCR 2025 Physics B (Advancing Physics) Paper 2 Advance Notice Article
Xvb jyf uytt y76tg yv7b87 yiu67yub ij87tfygbj ytd78ughv fhydrf trgtfgygfguyuy7yibuiy7yuhyyygyutgu76rtfguyg
Monday 9 June 2025 – Morning
Kiugytrxc kjhgffuyfdnb jh
A Level Physics B (Advancing Physics)
Ku76rfgkjgfrtihbhg 78ih
H557/02 Scientific literacy in physics
Kjhgfr56568huyvfvb
Advance Notice Article
87t6fvvvb jhgvviuy6t7y8hb 876yv huyhv
Time allowed: 2 hours 15 minutes
1
Turn over
, 2
Capturing the moment
Recorded sound is all around us. We can choose what we listen to streamed onto our mobiles
or computers or played back via memory chips, CDs and vinyls. Some of this audio material is
produced purely electronically, but the first, crucial element in recording live sound in any format
5 is the microphone. The first patent for a transducing microphone (which turns air pressure
variations into an electrical signal) was filed on June 4th 1877 by Emile Berliner. This was the
‘carbon microphone transmitter’ which was used for telephones rather than recording sound for
posterity.
To find the first recording of human singing we go back a further seventeen years. The
10 Frenchman Eduoard-Leon Scott de Martinville developed a method of recording sounds as
a written trace which he named the phonoautograph and patented in 1857. Sound waves,
such as from a voice, enter a horn at the end of which is a diaphragm which oscillates at the
same frequency as the waves striking it. There is a stylus (originally a boar’s bristle) attached
to the diaphragm which scratches a glass surface covered in soot, creating an image called
15 a phonoautogram. The surface is pulled along at a typical speed of 1 m s–1 and the stylus
produces a pattern rather similar to one you might have seen on an oscilloscope connected to a
microphone.
Fig. 1
A later version of the
20 C phonoautograph. The stylus
k
is labelled ‘b’, the sound to be
B recorded enters the horn at ‘C’.
The cylinder ‘A’ is rotated and
A a the stylus leaves a trace on the
25 surface.
b c
In 1860, Scott de Martinville recorded himself singing the song ‘Au clair de la Lune’. The
movement of the stylus is very small so the wobbles on the line in the soot are very small,
there is a very poor signal-to-noise ratio. However, this wobbly line has been digitally scanned
and converted into an audio file. You can find this here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
30 File:Au_Clair_de_la_Lune_(1860)_new.ogg . This is the oldest recording of the human voice yet
retrieved.
© OCR 2025 H557/02/AN Jun25
Tfvbb lkoihb kuy7tg uyft8gy i867t hvgghgh ye45r6t8ug uycfuh jy7t6ry g887yvvut7t7y ugtfry7u9 tr6r67y88y y877 6rhghhj y7ttf
yg7yygygyyuy7 y777y 7y88tr 7yuitf 8u9i6tu ytdt y8yert7 uu9886tg tfr 7ygyffhuy7t 6fvv gth y7t5dfgb 7y65rfg yf6rt g
Jutygv juy6r6tughv nfuij htruiuhv fdr5678hbh nmiu767tr6v brdf7uh njuyiuygrfgv gyuyti7yb gfdery5tyhb vcdryuiy
A-Level OCR 2025 Physics B (Advancing Physics) Paper 2 Advance Notice Article
Xvb jyf uytt y76tg yv7b87 yiu67yub ij87tfygbj ytd78ughv fhydrf trgtfgygfguyuy7yibuiy7yuhyyygyutgu76rtfguyg
Monday 9 June 2025 – Morning
Kiugytrxc kjhgffuyfdnb jh
A Level Physics B (Advancing Physics)
Ku76rfgkjgfrtihbhg 78ih
H557/02 Scientific literacy in physics
Kjhgfr56568huyvfvb
Advance Notice Article
87t6fvvvb jhgvviuy6t7y8hb 876yv huyhv
Time allowed: 2 hours 15 minutes
1
Turn over
, 2
Capturing the moment
Recorded sound is all around us. We can choose what we listen to streamed onto our mobiles
or computers or played back via memory chips, CDs and vinyls. Some of this audio material is
produced purely electronically, but the first, crucial element in recording live sound in any format
5 is the microphone. The first patent for a transducing microphone (which turns air pressure
variations into an electrical signal) was filed on June 4th 1877 by Emile Berliner. This was the
‘carbon microphone transmitter’ which was used for telephones rather than recording sound for
posterity.
To find the first recording of human singing we go back a further seventeen years. The
10 Frenchman Eduoard-Leon Scott de Martinville developed a method of recording sounds as
a written trace which he named the phonoautograph and patented in 1857. Sound waves,
such as from a voice, enter a horn at the end of which is a diaphragm which oscillates at the
same frequency as the waves striking it. There is a stylus (originally a boar’s bristle) attached
to the diaphragm which scratches a glass surface covered in soot, creating an image called
15 a phonoautogram. The surface is pulled along at a typical speed of 1 m s–1 and the stylus
produces a pattern rather similar to one you might have seen on an oscilloscope connected to a
microphone.
Fig. 1
A later version of the
20 C phonoautograph. The stylus
k
is labelled ‘b’, the sound to be
B recorded enters the horn at ‘C’.
The cylinder ‘A’ is rotated and
A a the stylus leaves a trace on the
25 surface.
b c
In 1860, Scott de Martinville recorded himself singing the song ‘Au clair de la Lune’. The
movement of the stylus is very small so the wobbles on the line in the soot are very small,
there is a very poor signal-to-noise ratio. However, this wobbly line has been digitally scanned
and converted into an audio file. You can find this here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
30 File:Au_Clair_de_la_Lune_(1860)_new.ogg . This is the oldest recording of the human voice yet
retrieved.
© OCR 2025 H557/02/AN Jun25
