BIO-181 Exam 2 Study Guide with all Correct & 100%
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Chapter 5 Summary ✔Correct Answer--Plasma Membrane
Average plasma membrane composition by mass ✔Correct Answer--Proteins 50%, Lipids 40%,
Carbs 10%
integral proteins penetrate the ✔Correct Answer--the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer
Peripheral proteins are ✔Correct Answer--loosely bound to the surface of the membrane
Carbohydrates on the external side of the plasma membrane ✔Correct Answer--vary among
species, individuals, and even cell types in an individual
Carbohydrates allow ✔Correct Answer--cells to recognize each other
plasma membranes are selectively permeable ✔Correct Answer--regulating the cell's molecular
traffic
passive transport ✔Correct Answer--is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy
investment
Hydrophobic (nonpolar) molecules, such as hydrocarbons, ✔Correct Answer--can dissolve in the
lipid bilayer of the membrane and cross it easily
polar molecules, such as sugars, ✔Correct Answer--do not cross the membrane easily
Diffusion ✔Correct Answer--is the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly to the available
space
Substances diffuse down their ✔Correct Answer--concentration gradient, from where it is more
concentrated to where it is less concentrated
the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane is ✔Correct Answer--passive transport
because no energy is expended by the cell to make it happen
facilitated transport/diffusion ✔Correct Answer--transport proteins speed the passive movement
of molecules across the plasma membrane
carrier proteins undergo a ✔Correct Answer--a subtle change in shape that translocates the solute-
binding site across the membrane
Osmosis is ✔Correct Answer--Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Water diffuses across the membrane from the ✔Correct Answer--region of higher solute
concentration to the region of lower solute concentration until the solute concentration is equal on
both sides
, Isotonic Solution ✔Correct Answer--Solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net
water movement across the plasma membrane
hypertonic solution ✔Correct Answer--solute is greater outside the cell so water moves out the cell
and shrivels up
hyptonic solution ✔Correct Answer--solute is greater inside the cell so water moves into the cell
and it blows up
Osmoregulation ✔Correct Answer--the control of solute concentrations and water balance
Cell walls help maintain ✔Correct Answer--water balance
Some transport proteins can move ✔Correct Answer--solutes against their concentration gradients
active transport ✔Correct Answer--uses energy to move solutes against their gradients using
energy in the form of ATP
In endocytosis, ✔Correct Answer--the cell takes in molecules and particulate matter by forming
new vesicles from the plasma membrane
Phagocytosis ✔Correct Answer--large particles are taken into the cell. the cell membrane
surrounds the particle and engulfs it.
Pinocytosis ✔Correct Answer--the cell membrane invaginates, surrounds a small volume of fluid
and pinches off.
Exocytosis ✔Correct Answer--transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and release
their contents
Chapter 6 ✔Correct Answer--Metabolism
Metabolism ✔Correct Answer--All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
cell respiration ✔Correct Answer--is the metabolism of glucose
Photosynthesis ✔Correct Answer--production of glucose
Metabolic pathways ✔Correct Answer--begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product
Each step is catalyzed by a specific ✔Correct Answer--enzyme
anabolic pathways ✔Correct Answer--consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler
ones
the body builds molecules by ✔Correct Answer--forming bonds which stores energy of the
electrons in the bonds
catabolic pathways ✔Correct Answer--release energy by breaking down complex molecules into
simpler compounds
Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Chapter 5 Summary ✔Correct Answer--Plasma Membrane
Average plasma membrane composition by mass ✔Correct Answer--Proteins 50%, Lipids 40%,
Carbs 10%
integral proteins penetrate the ✔Correct Answer--the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer
Peripheral proteins are ✔Correct Answer--loosely bound to the surface of the membrane
Carbohydrates on the external side of the plasma membrane ✔Correct Answer--vary among
species, individuals, and even cell types in an individual
Carbohydrates allow ✔Correct Answer--cells to recognize each other
plasma membranes are selectively permeable ✔Correct Answer--regulating the cell's molecular
traffic
passive transport ✔Correct Answer--is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy
investment
Hydrophobic (nonpolar) molecules, such as hydrocarbons, ✔Correct Answer--can dissolve in the
lipid bilayer of the membrane and cross it easily
polar molecules, such as sugars, ✔Correct Answer--do not cross the membrane easily
Diffusion ✔Correct Answer--is the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly to the available
space
Substances diffuse down their ✔Correct Answer--concentration gradient, from where it is more
concentrated to where it is less concentrated
the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane is ✔Correct Answer--passive transport
because no energy is expended by the cell to make it happen
facilitated transport/diffusion ✔Correct Answer--transport proteins speed the passive movement
of molecules across the plasma membrane
carrier proteins undergo a ✔Correct Answer--a subtle change in shape that translocates the solute-
binding site across the membrane
Osmosis is ✔Correct Answer--Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Water diffuses across the membrane from the ✔Correct Answer--region of higher solute
concentration to the region of lower solute concentration until the solute concentration is equal on
both sides
, Isotonic Solution ✔Correct Answer--Solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net
water movement across the plasma membrane
hypertonic solution ✔Correct Answer--solute is greater outside the cell so water moves out the cell
and shrivels up
hyptonic solution ✔Correct Answer--solute is greater inside the cell so water moves into the cell
and it blows up
Osmoregulation ✔Correct Answer--the control of solute concentrations and water balance
Cell walls help maintain ✔Correct Answer--water balance
Some transport proteins can move ✔Correct Answer--solutes against their concentration gradients
active transport ✔Correct Answer--uses energy to move solutes against their gradients using
energy in the form of ATP
In endocytosis, ✔Correct Answer--the cell takes in molecules and particulate matter by forming
new vesicles from the plasma membrane
Phagocytosis ✔Correct Answer--large particles are taken into the cell. the cell membrane
surrounds the particle and engulfs it.
Pinocytosis ✔Correct Answer--the cell membrane invaginates, surrounds a small volume of fluid
and pinches off.
Exocytosis ✔Correct Answer--transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and release
their contents
Chapter 6 ✔Correct Answer--Metabolism
Metabolism ✔Correct Answer--All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
cell respiration ✔Correct Answer--is the metabolism of glucose
Photosynthesis ✔Correct Answer--production of glucose
Metabolic pathways ✔Correct Answer--begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product
Each step is catalyzed by a specific ✔Correct Answer--enzyme
anabolic pathways ✔Correct Answer--consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler
ones
the body builds molecules by ✔Correct Answer--forming bonds which stores energy of the
electrons in the bonds
catabolic pathways ✔Correct Answer--release energy by breaking down complex molecules into
simpler compounds
