NES Elementary Education Subtest 1
Exam Questions and Answers
the tools of communication children use to form their understanding of the word -
ANSWER-reading, writing, listening, and speaking
Competency 1 - ANSWER-demonstrate an understanding of the foundations of
language development, oral language skills, listening comprehension skills, and
phonological and phonemic awareness.
Informal conversations - ANSWER-Time to talk about things that interest and excite
children.
Language play - ANSWER-Exploring rhythms, sounds, and tones that young children
delight in as they work and play.
Rhymes and song - ANSWER-Experiences rich in rhythm and rhyme encourage
children to play with words.
Stories - ANSWER-Children discover new words and meanings as they listen to good
stories — either told or read aloud.
Group talk - ANSWER-Times during the day when conventions of shared conversations
are learned and practiced.
Because this entire period between birth and the early elementary school years helps
prepare children with the skills important for conventional literacy, we refer to this critical
stage of language development as _____ _____. - ANSWER-Emergent Literacy
The key is to make reading and writing _____ to the everyday life of the classroom and
to make literacy activities _____ to each child. - ANSWER-fundamental, relevant
_____ and _____ to what the children have to say and they will learn to do the same. -
ANSWER-listen, respond
LEA - ANSWER-Language Experience Approach
Dictated Stories - ANSWER-LEA
alliteration - ANSWER-use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed
syllable in a line of verse
,language delay - ANSWER-There are many factors that cause language delay, both
environmental and physical. Common conditions include inadequate language
stimulation (neither talking to nor playing with the child); delayed general development;
parents/guardians or siblings who often talk for the child; medical and physical
problems; family history of language delay; learning disabilities; and autism spectrum
disorders (ASD).
ASD - ANSWER-Autism Spectrum Disorders
Listening can be described as part of an active communication process that involves
_____, _____, and _____ to verbal input. - ANSWER-receiving, interpreting, responding
The three steps in the listening process are _____, _____, and _____ meaning. -
ANSWER-receiving, attending, assigning meaning
Students can be given opportunities to develop and practice listening skills during three
phases of the listening process: _____, _____ and _____ . - ANSWER-pre-listening,
during listening, after listening
discriminative listening - ANSWER-distinguishing beginning consonant sounds, for
example
aesthetic listening - ANSWER-for enjoyment
critical listening - ANSWER-to evaluate a message
efferent listening - ANSWER-to understand a message
phonological - ANSWER-the study of the sound system of a given language and the
analysis and classification of its phonemes
phoneme - ANSWER-(linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are
distinguished by the speakers of a particular language
Phonological awareness - ANSWER-an understanding that words are composed of
sound units and that sound units can be combined to form words.
graphemes - ANSWER-a written symbol that is used to represent speech
orthography - ANSWER-a method of representing the sounds of a language by written
or printed symbols
Phonological awareness - ANSWER-the awareness that language is composed of
sounds and the understanding of the relationship of these sounds, such as rhyming and
identifying sound units such as words in sentences, syllables, onsets, and rimes.
, A ______ is a basic unit of speech sounds that can be divided into two parts—onsets
and rimes. - ANSWER-syllable
onset - ANSWER-the consonant sound that precedes the vowel of the syllable
rime - ANSWER-the vowel and any consonant sound that follows the onset.
Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER-refers to the ability to focus on, hear, identify, and
manipulate phonemes, or the individual sounds that make up spoken words.
Phoneme segmentation - ANSWER-is a child's ability to recognize the separate sound
units of words
phoneme blending - ANSWER-is a child's ability to string together phonemes in a
meaningful way to create words.
Standard American English contains about _____ basic phonemes, although
differences in regional pronunciation and dialect can generate more. - ANSWER-42
One would expect that since there are 26 letters in the alphabet that there would be only
_____ phonemes. - ANSWER-26
Phoneme isolation - ANSWER-—recognizing the individual sounds in words. For
example, "Tell me the first sound you hear in the word top (/t/)."
Phoneme identity— - ANSWER-recognizing the common sound in different words. For
example, "Tell me the sound that is the same in pig, pot, and pie (/p/)."
Phoneme substitution— - ANSWER-turning one word into another by substituting one
phoneme for another. Phoneme substitution can take place for initial sounds (top-mop),
middle sounds (top-tap) or ending sounds (top-tot).
Oral segmenting— - ANSWER-identifying the individual sounds of a word. For example,
knowing that the word top is composed of the phonemes /t/, /o/, and /p/.
Oral blending— - ANSWER-being able to blend phonemes into words. For example, if
the teacher says the phonemes /t/, /o/, /p/, the children respond with the word top.
Phoneme deletion— - ANSWER-being able to identify a sound that has been deleted
from a word. For example, the teacher says the word top and asks the children to
repeat it. Then he or she instructs the children to repeat the word without a sound.
_____ _____ _____ is a term used to characterize the knowledge that emergent
readers have about how printed language works and how print can be used to represent
language. - ANSWER-Concepts of print
Exam Questions and Answers
the tools of communication children use to form their understanding of the word -
ANSWER-reading, writing, listening, and speaking
Competency 1 - ANSWER-demonstrate an understanding of the foundations of
language development, oral language skills, listening comprehension skills, and
phonological and phonemic awareness.
Informal conversations - ANSWER-Time to talk about things that interest and excite
children.
Language play - ANSWER-Exploring rhythms, sounds, and tones that young children
delight in as they work and play.
Rhymes and song - ANSWER-Experiences rich in rhythm and rhyme encourage
children to play with words.
Stories - ANSWER-Children discover new words and meanings as they listen to good
stories — either told or read aloud.
Group talk - ANSWER-Times during the day when conventions of shared conversations
are learned and practiced.
Because this entire period between birth and the early elementary school years helps
prepare children with the skills important for conventional literacy, we refer to this critical
stage of language development as _____ _____. - ANSWER-Emergent Literacy
The key is to make reading and writing _____ to the everyday life of the classroom and
to make literacy activities _____ to each child. - ANSWER-fundamental, relevant
_____ and _____ to what the children have to say and they will learn to do the same. -
ANSWER-listen, respond
LEA - ANSWER-Language Experience Approach
Dictated Stories - ANSWER-LEA
alliteration - ANSWER-use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed
syllable in a line of verse
,language delay - ANSWER-There are many factors that cause language delay, both
environmental and physical. Common conditions include inadequate language
stimulation (neither talking to nor playing with the child); delayed general development;
parents/guardians or siblings who often talk for the child; medical and physical
problems; family history of language delay; learning disabilities; and autism spectrum
disorders (ASD).
ASD - ANSWER-Autism Spectrum Disorders
Listening can be described as part of an active communication process that involves
_____, _____, and _____ to verbal input. - ANSWER-receiving, interpreting, responding
The three steps in the listening process are _____, _____, and _____ meaning. -
ANSWER-receiving, attending, assigning meaning
Students can be given opportunities to develop and practice listening skills during three
phases of the listening process: _____, _____ and _____ . - ANSWER-pre-listening,
during listening, after listening
discriminative listening - ANSWER-distinguishing beginning consonant sounds, for
example
aesthetic listening - ANSWER-for enjoyment
critical listening - ANSWER-to evaluate a message
efferent listening - ANSWER-to understand a message
phonological - ANSWER-the study of the sound system of a given language and the
analysis and classification of its phonemes
phoneme - ANSWER-(linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are
distinguished by the speakers of a particular language
Phonological awareness - ANSWER-an understanding that words are composed of
sound units and that sound units can be combined to form words.
graphemes - ANSWER-a written symbol that is used to represent speech
orthography - ANSWER-a method of representing the sounds of a language by written
or printed symbols
Phonological awareness - ANSWER-the awareness that language is composed of
sounds and the understanding of the relationship of these sounds, such as rhyming and
identifying sound units such as words in sentences, syllables, onsets, and rimes.
, A ______ is a basic unit of speech sounds that can be divided into two parts—onsets
and rimes. - ANSWER-syllable
onset - ANSWER-the consonant sound that precedes the vowel of the syllable
rime - ANSWER-the vowel and any consonant sound that follows the onset.
Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER-refers to the ability to focus on, hear, identify, and
manipulate phonemes, or the individual sounds that make up spoken words.
Phoneme segmentation - ANSWER-is a child's ability to recognize the separate sound
units of words
phoneme blending - ANSWER-is a child's ability to string together phonemes in a
meaningful way to create words.
Standard American English contains about _____ basic phonemes, although
differences in regional pronunciation and dialect can generate more. - ANSWER-42
One would expect that since there are 26 letters in the alphabet that there would be only
_____ phonemes. - ANSWER-26
Phoneme isolation - ANSWER-—recognizing the individual sounds in words. For
example, "Tell me the first sound you hear in the word top (/t/)."
Phoneme identity— - ANSWER-recognizing the common sound in different words. For
example, "Tell me the sound that is the same in pig, pot, and pie (/p/)."
Phoneme substitution— - ANSWER-turning one word into another by substituting one
phoneme for another. Phoneme substitution can take place for initial sounds (top-mop),
middle sounds (top-tap) or ending sounds (top-tot).
Oral segmenting— - ANSWER-identifying the individual sounds of a word. For example,
knowing that the word top is composed of the phonemes /t/, /o/, and /p/.
Oral blending— - ANSWER-being able to blend phonemes into words. For example, if
the teacher says the phonemes /t/, /o/, /p/, the children respond with the word top.
Phoneme deletion— - ANSWER-being able to identify a sound that has been deleted
from a word. For example, the teacher says the word top and asks the children to
repeat it. Then he or she instructs the children to repeat the word without a sound.
_____ _____ _____ is a term used to characterize the knowledge that emergent
readers have about how printed language works and how print can be used to represent
language. - ANSWER-Concepts of print
