NES 051 Professional Knowledge
Elementary Exam-Graded A
Erikson's Theory of Development - ANSWER-Individuals experience 8 "crises"
throughout their lives. These help develop a person's sense of self.
For elementary children, they face industry v. inferiority
How to encourage Erikson's "industry" - ANSWER-Make sure students have realistic
goals
Let students show independence
Provide support to discourages students
PIaget's Theory of Development - ANSWER-Infants use sensory and reflexes to engage
with their environments and learn
There are 4 stages which lead from pre-operational to concrete-operational
Pre-operational VS Concrete (Piaget) - ANSWER-Concrete operational students can
think logically about concrete, real-life objects but cannot reason abstractly
How to foster a concrete-operational child - ANSWER-Use concrete ops and visual aids
Allow students to manipulate objects
Brief and organized instruction
Build upon past knowledge
Foster problem solving
Vygotsky Theory of Development - ANSWER-Knowledge develops through interaction
with their environment and their culture
Zone of Proximal Development: Individuals learn the best when challenged to learn with
the assistance a better skilled individual
Applying Vygotsky - ANSWER-Scaffold: Use different resources, models, and props to
aid and accent learning
,Provide resources to support thinking
Utilize a student's understanding of their culture
Utilize collaboration and engagement
Kholberg's theory of development - ANSWER-Focused on moral reasoning. Where
students make decisions based on whether or not they'll receive a reward or
punishment
Their moral reasoning is relevant to what everyone else believes
Supporting moral and personal development - ANSWER-Help students with problems
they may face in school (rivalries or teasing)
Help students see the perspectives of others (role playing)
Connect values to actions
Value the privacy of others
Foster proper listening (small groups)
Utilize a consistent disciplinary system
Principles of Child Development - ANSWER-Teaching should help students grow
across all domains (playing with math; science with writing)
Children develop in a predictable sequence
Development occurs at different rates
A safe learning environment fosters learning
Development Milestones (Early Adolescence) - ANSWER-Early Adolescence (10-14):
Puberty;
Ability to think abstractly,
Greater interest in peer relationships (sexually and plutonically)
Challenges authority
Development Milestones (Late Adolescence) - ANSWER-(14-18)
, Sexual maturity and adult height
Develop specific eating habits
In-depth knowledge of certain topics
Career interests
dating
Increased independence
Questioning of current rules and social norms
Social Development in Elementary Students - ANSWER-Dependent on Adult approval
(feedback)
Focused on themselves (foster collaboration)
Unrealistic performance expectations (Recite directions for understanding)
Little attention to detail (Ask to recall details)
Desires help from others who are more mature (Allow partner work)
Emotionally Volatile (Foster communication)
Developmental changes in the Brain for children - ANSWER-Synaptic pruning: The
shriveling of unused synapses
Myelination (protection of neuron paths)
More synapses develop through adulthood based on experiences
Challenge children to think about changes in their environment
The overlapping of domains - ANSWER-Focuses on connecting different domains of
development
leadership connects motor movement in sports
Stress at home results in poor academic performance
Gaining and Maintaining Attention - ANSWER-Use signals
Reach out rather than call out
Elementary Exam-Graded A
Erikson's Theory of Development - ANSWER-Individuals experience 8 "crises"
throughout their lives. These help develop a person's sense of self.
For elementary children, they face industry v. inferiority
How to encourage Erikson's "industry" - ANSWER-Make sure students have realistic
goals
Let students show independence
Provide support to discourages students
PIaget's Theory of Development - ANSWER-Infants use sensory and reflexes to engage
with their environments and learn
There are 4 stages which lead from pre-operational to concrete-operational
Pre-operational VS Concrete (Piaget) - ANSWER-Concrete operational students can
think logically about concrete, real-life objects but cannot reason abstractly
How to foster a concrete-operational child - ANSWER-Use concrete ops and visual aids
Allow students to manipulate objects
Brief and organized instruction
Build upon past knowledge
Foster problem solving
Vygotsky Theory of Development - ANSWER-Knowledge develops through interaction
with their environment and their culture
Zone of Proximal Development: Individuals learn the best when challenged to learn with
the assistance a better skilled individual
Applying Vygotsky - ANSWER-Scaffold: Use different resources, models, and props to
aid and accent learning
,Provide resources to support thinking
Utilize a student's understanding of their culture
Utilize collaboration and engagement
Kholberg's theory of development - ANSWER-Focused on moral reasoning. Where
students make decisions based on whether or not they'll receive a reward or
punishment
Their moral reasoning is relevant to what everyone else believes
Supporting moral and personal development - ANSWER-Help students with problems
they may face in school (rivalries or teasing)
Help students see the perspectives of others (role playing)
Connect values to actions
Value the privacy of others
Foster proper listening (small groups)
Utilize a consistent disciplinary system
Principles of Child Development - ANSWER-Teaching should help students grow
across all domains (playing with math; science with writing)
Children develop in a predictable sequence
Development occurs at different rates
A safe learning environment fosters learning
Development Milestones (Early Adolescence) - ANSWER-Early Adolescence (10-14):
Puberty;
Ability to think abstractly,
Greater interest in peer relationships (sexually and plutonically)
Challenges authority
Development Milestones (Late Adolescence) - ANSWER-(14-18)
, Sexual maturity and adult height
Develop specific eating habits
In-depth knowledge of certain topics
Career interests
dating
Increased independence
Questioning of current rules and social norms
Social Development in Elementary Students - ANSWER-Dependent on Adult approval
(feedback)
Focused on themselves (foster collaboration)
Unrealistic performance expectations (Recite directions for understanding)
Little attention to detail (Ask to recall details)
Desires help from others who are more mature (Allow partner work)
Emotionally Volatile (Foster communication)
Developmental changes in the Brain for children - ANSWER-Synaptic pruning: The
shriveling of unused synapses
Myelination (protection of neuron paths)
More synapses develop through adulthood based on experiences
Challenge children to think about changes in their environment
The overlapping of domains - ANSWER-Focuses on connecting different domains of
development
leadership connects motor movement in sports
Stress at home results in poor academic performance
Gaining and Maintaining Attention - ANSWER-Use signals
Reach out rather than call out
