Nutrition Final Exam ACTUAL EXAM
2026/2027: 100% Verified Questions &
Correct Answers
Question 1: Which macronutrient provides the most concentrated source of energy per gram?
A. Protein
B. Fat
C. Carbohydrate
D. Fiber
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fat supplies 9 kcal/g, the highest energy density among macronutrients.
Question 2: The 2025–2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugars to
less than what percentage of total daily calories?
A. 25%
,B. 15%
C. 10%
D. 5%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based guidelines set the limit at <10% of total daily kcal to reduce risk of
dental caries and excess weight gain.
Question 3: Which micronutrient is routinely supplemented in pregnancy to reduce neural-tube
defects?
A. Iron
B. Folate
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 400 µg/day of synthetic folic acid beginning pre-conception lowers NTD incidence by
≥70%.
,Question 4: A patient with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) should restrict which mineral to
slow disease progression?
A. Magnesium
B. Phosphorus
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperphosphatemia accelerates vascular calcification; restriction to 800–1,000 mg/day
is advised.
Question 5: Which lipoprotein is considered the primary carrier of “bad” cholesterol?
A. HDL
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. Chylomicron
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: LDL delivers cholesterol to peripheral tissues; elevated LDL-C is an independent CVD
risk factor.
Question 6: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein in healthy adults
is:
A. 5–15% of kcal
B. 10–35% of kcal
C. 25–40% of kcal
D. 35–50% of kcal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Institute of Medicine AMDR sets 10–35% of total kcal from protein for adults ≥19 y.
Question 7: Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for ileal absorption?
A. B6
B. B12
C. Folate
D. Vitamin C
2026/2027: 100% Verified Questions &
Correct Answers
Question 1: Which macronutrient provides the most concentrated source of energy per gram?
A. Protein
B. Fat
C. Carbohydrate
D. Fiber
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fat supplies 9 kcal/g, the highest energy density among macronutrients.
Question 2: The 2025–2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugars to
less than what percentage of total daily calories?
A. 25%
,B. 15%
C. 10%
D. 5%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based guidelines set the limit at <10% of total daily kcal to reduce risk of
dental caries and excess weight gain.
Question 3: Which micronutrient is routinely supplemented in pregnancy to reduce neural-tube
defects?
A. Iron
B. Folate
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 400 µg/day of synthetic folic acid beginning pre-conception lowers NTD incidence by
≥70%.
,Question 4: A patient with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) should restrict which mineral to
slow disease progression?
A. Magnesium
B. Phosphorus
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperphosphatemia accelerates vascular calcification; restriction to 800–1,000 mg/day
is advised.
Question 5: Which lipoprotein is considered the primary carrier of “bad” cholesterol?
A. HDL
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. Chylomicron
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: LDL delivers cholesterol to peripheral tissues; elevated LDL-C is an independent CVD
risk factor.
Question 6: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein in healthy adults
is:
A. 5–15% of kcal
B. 10–35% of kcal
C. 25–40% of kcal
D. 35–50% of kcal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Institute of Medicine AMDR sets 10–35% of total kcal from protein for adults ≥19 y.
Question 7: Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for ileal absorption?
A. B6
B. B12
C. Folate
D. Vitamin C
