OB/GYN EORE Structural Abnormalities (Internal Medicine) | 10+ Questions | Prolapse Types, Ovarian Torsion | 2025/2026

This document provides a concise set of 10+ verified flashcard-style Q&A items covering structural abnormalities in obstetrics and gynecology, tailored for the OB/GYN End-of-Rotation Exam (EORE) for the 2025/2026 academic year. It emphasizes anatomic disorders that commonly appear in both clinical exams and real-world obstetric/gynecologic practice. The first section details pelvic organ prolapse, including: Cystocele/cystourethrocele: anterior vaginal wall prolapse causing bladder/urethral descent and stress incontinence. Rectocele/enterocele: posterior prolapse involving rectum or intestines, often presenting with constipation. Uterine prolapse: downward displacement due to loss of support from uterosacral and cardinal ligaments, with symptoms like pelvic pressure, dyspareunia, and urinary dysfunction. Grading of uterine prolapse from Grade 0 (no descent) to Grade 4 (beyond hymen) is clearly outlined. Management includes Kegel exercises, pessary placement, or surgical repair, with symptom relief often achieved by lying down after prolonged standing. The final section discusses ovarian torsion, presenting as: Sudden, severe abdominal pain, often with fever and leukocytosis Caused by reduced venous return due to ovarian rotation, commonly from ovarian cysts, stromal edema, hemorrhage, or hyperstimulation Prompt recognition and surgical detorsion are emphasized as critical for ovarian salvage. Ideal for: PA students taking the OB/GYN EORE Medical students (MD/DO) reviewing pelvic pathology for rotations or shelf exams NP and nursing students studying female reproductive structural issues USMLE Step 2, COMLEX, and PANCE candidates preparing for clinical vignette questions on reproductive anatomy and emergencies Keywords: pelvic organ prolapse, cystocele, rectocele, uterine prolapse, enterocele, stress incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, pessary, Kegel exercises, cardinal ligament, uterosacral ligament, prolapse grading, ovarian torsion, ovarian cyst, adnexal torsion, gynecologic emergency, female pelvic anatomy, dyspareunia