OB/GYN EORE Neoplasms (Internal Medicine) | 25 Questions | Ovarian, Cervical, Breast, Endometrial, Vulvar CA | 2025/2026

This expertly compiled flashcard-style document includes 25 high-yield, exam-relevant questions and verified answers on gynecologic and breast cancers, designed for the OB/GYN End-of-Rotation Exam (EORE) in the 2025/2026 academic year. It delivers concise yet comprehensive coverage of common and critical neoplastic conditions in women's health, suitable for both clinical rotation review and board exam preparation. Covered malignancies include: Ovarian cancer: Risk factors (e.g., age, nulliparity, (+) FMH), delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific symptoms like early satiety and abdominal distention, and the relevance of CA-125, transvaginal ultrasound, and Sister Mary Joseph nodule. Treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Cervical cancer: Strongly associated with HPV (types 16, 18, 31, 33) and arises most often at the transformation zone. Covers Gardasil vaccination, Pap smear guidelines, colposcopic biopsy, and treatments ranging from LEEP and conization to hysterectomy and radiation for invasive disease. Breast cancer: The most common malignancy in women, with key risk factors like nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, and BRCA1/2 mutations. Emphasizes diagnostic signs (immobile, firm, upper outer quadrant mass), mammography from age 40, and management via lumpectomy, tamoxifen, and hormone-receptor targeting. Endometrial cancer: Classically presents as postmenopausal bleeding, linked to obesity, HTN, T2DM, and diagnosed via endometrial biopsy. Management includes total hysterectomy + BSO, with recurrence addressed through progestins or antiestrogens. Vaginal and vulvar cancers: Rare but important. Most vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinoma in postmenopausal women. Risks include HPV, DES exposure, and smoking. Management depends on lesion type, ranging from surgical excision to radical hysterectomy and vaginectomy. This document is ideal for: PA students sitting for the OB/GYN EORE Medical students (MD/DO) in clinical rotations or preparing for shelf exams NP and nursing students studying gynecologic oncology and women’s health Candidates for PANCE, USMLE Step 2, or COMLEX Level 2 Its concise structure and Q&A format make it perfect for fast, effective revision of high-yield neoplasm content in OB/GYN. Keywords: ovarian cancer, CA-125, cervical cancer, HPV, Pap smear, LEEP, Gardasil, breast cancer, BRCA1, tamoxifen, mammography, endometrial cancer, postmenopausal bleeding, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, DES exposure, gynecologic oncology, hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, transformation zone, squamous carcinoma