FSC100 EXAM REVIEW
Forensic biology incorporates related areas of - Answer -- Bodily fluid identification
(serology)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis
Serology - Answer --Techniques are used to screen evidence items for the prescience
and type of body fluid disposition
- analyses and targets a the biochemicals and cells that define distinctive functional
characteristics of different body fluids: hemoglobin in blood and spermatozoa in semen
Deoxyribonucleic acid - Answer -genetic information that dictates the firm and
development of an organism. A molecule found in almost all human cells
DNA is the genetic blueprint of: - Answer -Life
Each strand of the helix is composed of: - Answer -long chains of nucleotides,
composedof a phosphate group, a type of sugar called deoyribose, and one of four
nitrogen-containing bases
4 bases of DNA - Answer -Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C)`
What 2 subunits form base pairs(BP) - Answer -- Adenine(A) with Thymine(T)
- Guanine(G) with Cytosine(C)
Strands of DNA form codes of: - Answer -proteins (genes) that provide genetic
information in the organism, like hair color, height, hair texture and skin
Human DNA contain approx.: - Answer -3 billion total number of base pairs
Chromosomes - Answer -structures carrying molecular strands of DNA
Genome - Answer -one cell collection of chromosomes
Humans inherit: - Answer -a genome of 23 chromosomes from each parent for a total
of 46.
Rosalind Franklin - Answer -- died at 36
- contributions to understanding DNA, including RNA viruses coal and graphite
- found being female is significant as oppurtunities were limited to women chemical
structure of DNA similarly to all cellular organisms.
First DNA case - Answer -- Narborough England
- rape and murder of 2, 15yo girls
,- in ealry 1980, Dr Jeffery's lab produced first "restricition fragment Length
polymorphism" = RFLP
Dr Alec Jeffery - Answer -- Studied at Leicester University - England
- studying DNA variations and the evolution of gene families
- his interest and goal was to develop markers (a type of identification tag) to track the
position of these genes
RFLP - Answer -Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- Created 1980 in Dr. Jeffery's lab
- a molecular method of genetic analysis that allows individuals to be identified based
on unique patterns of restriction enzyme cutting in specific regions of DNA
1984 - Answer -Jefferys developed and used the first DNA tests to be applied to a
criminal case
DNA Fingerprinting - Answer -- first-generation typing system made by Dr.Jefferys.
- this method looks at sections of DNA located in different regions on different
chromosomes
- multilocus typing system
DNA typing - Answer -describes the system of assessing variations in sections of DNA
for analysis
DNA profiling - Answer -the second generation typing system (a more recent
development) that looks at one area- a single locus- on a single chromosome. this is the
method now in use for forensic analysis
DNA profile - Answer -most simply viewed as a set of numbers representing the DNA
'variants' as target locations
DNA locations - Answer -also known as 'Loci' and are the genetic equivalents of
addresses or postal codes
genetic differences at loci are: - Answer -variants or alleles
STR analysis - Answer -a method of DNA profiling that compares the lengths of STR
sequences at specific sites in the genome
Regions with repeats of nine to eighty base pairs are referred to as: - Answer -variable
number tandem repeats
Regions containing 2 to 5 base pair repeats are: - Answer -short tandem repeats
, today robotics use ____________ technologies that openbiological cells, selectively
bind DNA to magnetic beads, and then wash off the non-DNA components, leaving the
purified DNA for further analysis - Answer -solid-phase
DNA standards and protocols - Answer -- introduced in 1988
- arguments by scientists over practical applications and statistical calculations
- 1990s saw rapid increase in acceptance and usage
- by 1994, typing was firmly established from use in forensic investigations
CODIS - Answer -- The DNA database (FBI - textbook)
- a database that stores DNA profiles of convicted individuals.
Double indexing system of DNA profiles - Answer -- convicted offender index (contains
sex offenders and other violent crimes)
- Forensic index: contains profiles developed from crime scene evidence such as blood
and semen
DNA identification act enacted in: - Answer -1998
DNA idetification act - Answer -- permitted the formation of the national DNA databank
- allowed judges to request blood, buccal or hair samples. this legislation became
official on june 30th 2000
Biological samples from convicted offenders can only be for: - Answer -legal
investigations
DNA is taken from offender: - Answer -upon conviction, not arrest
DNA reliability - Answer -in 2009, the national academy of sceience reports:
'strengthening forensic science in the united state: a path forward" was published. often
referred toa s the NAS report, it examined the status of forensic science
DNA: bodily source - Answer -hair, blood, nail clippings, sweat, tears, earwax,
skin/tissue, bone
DNA: where in the scene - Answer -victims body, suspects body, weapon used,
jewelery, hair brush/comb/tooth brush, doorknob, window
Ridgeology - Answer -the study of the uniqueness of friction structures and their use for
personal identification
Fingerprint - Answer -both the friction skin pattern formation found on human skin, as
well as the impression or mark left on a surface after having had contact with this type
of skin
Forensic biology incorporates related areas of - Answer -- Bodily fluid identification
(serology)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis
Serology - Answer --Techniques are used to screen evidence items for the prescience
and type of body fluid disposition
- analyses and targets a the biochemicals and cells that define distinctive functional
characteristics of different body fluids: hemoglobin in blood and spermatozoa in semen
Deoxyribonucleic acid - Answer -genetic information that dictates the firm and
development of an organism. A molecule found in almost all human cells
DNA is the genetic blueprint of: - Answer -Life
Each strand of the helix is composed of: - Answer -long chains of nucleotides,
composedof a phosphate group, a type of sugar called deoyribose, and one of four
nitrogen-containing bases
4 bases of DNA - Answer -Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C)`
What 2 subunits form base pairs(BP) - Answer -- Adenine(A) with Thymine(T)
- Guanine(G) with Cytosine(C)
Strands of DNA form codes of: - Answer -proteins (genes) that provide genetic
information in the organism, like hair color, height, hair texture and skin
Human DNA contain approx.: - Answer -3 billion total number of base pairs
Chromosomes - Answer -structures carrying molecular strands of DNA
Genome - Answer -one cell collection of chromosomes
Humans inherit: - Answer -a genome of 23 chromosomes from each parent for a total
of 46.
Rosalind Franklin - Answer -- died at 36
- contributions to understanding DNA, including RNA viruses coal and graphite
- found being female is significant as oppurtunities were limited to women chemical
structure of DNA similarly to all cellular organisms.
First DNA case - Answer -- Narborough England
- rape and murder of 2, 15yo girls
,- in ealry 1980, Dr Jeffery's lab produced first "restricition fragment Length
polymorphism" = RFLP
Dr Alec Jeffery - Answer -- Studied at Leicester University - England
- studying DNA variations and the evolution of gene families
- his interest and goal was to develop markers (a type of identification tag) to track the
position of these genes
RFLP - Answer -Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- Created 1980 in Dr. Jeffery's lab
- a molecular method of genetic analysis that allows individuals to be identified based
on unique patterns of restriction enzyme cutting in specific regions of DNA
1984 - Answer -Jefferys developed and used the first DNA tests to be applied to a
criminal case
DNA Fingerprinting - Answer -- first-generation typing system made by Dr.Jefferys.
- this method looks at sections of DNA located in different regions on different
chromosomes
- multilocus typing system
DNA typing - Answer -describes the system of assessing variations in sections of DNA
for analysis
DNA profiling - Answer -the second generation typing system (a more recent
development) that looks at one area- a single locus- on a single chromosome. this is the
method now in use for forensic analysis
DNA profile - Answer -most simply viewed as a set of numbers representing the DNA
'variants' as target locations
DNA locations - Answer -also known as 'Loci' and are the genetic equivalents of
addresses or postal codes
genetic differences at loci are: - Answer -variants or alleles
STR analysis - Answer -a method of DNA profiling that compares the lengths of STR
sequences at specific sites in the genome
Regions with repeats of nine to eighty base pairs are referred to as: - Answer -variable
number tandem repeats
Regions containing 2 to 5 base pair repeats are: - Answer -short tandem repeats
, today robotics use ____________ technologies that openbiological cells, selectively
bind DNA to magnetic beads, and then wash off the non-DNA components, leaving the
purified DNA for further analysis - Answer -solid-phase
DNA standards and protocols - Answer -- introduced in 1988
- arguments by scientists over practical applications and statistical calculations
- 1990s saw rapid increase in acceptance and usage
- by 1994, typing was firmly established from use in forensic investigations
CODIS - Answer -- The DNA database (FBI - textbook)
- a database that stores DNA profiles of convicted individuals.
Double indexing system of DNA profiles - Answer -- convicted offender index (contains
sex offenders and other violent crimes)
- Forensic index: contains profiles developed from crime scene evidence such as blood
and semen
DNA identification act enacted in: - Answer -1998
DNA idetification act - Answer -- permitted the formation of the national DNA databank
- allowed judges to request blood, buccal or hair samples. this legislation became
official on june 30th 2000
Biological samples from convicted offenders can only be for: - Answer -legal
investigations
DNA is taken from offender: - Answer -upon conviction, not arrest
DNA reliability - Answer -in 2009, the national academy of sceience reports:
'strengthening forensic science in the united state: a path forward" was published. often
referred toa s the NAS report, it examined the status of forensic science
DNA: bodily source - Answer -hair, blood, nail clippings, sweat, tears, earwax,
skin/tissue, bone
DNA: where in the scene - Answer -victims body, suspects body, weapon used,
jewelery, hair brush/comb/tooth brush, doorknob, window
Ridgeology - Answer -the study of the uniqueness of friction structures and their use for
personal identification
Fingerprint - Answer -both the friction skin pattern formation found on human skin, as
well as the impression or mark left on a surface after having had contact with this type
of skin
