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SHS 250 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.docx

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Written in
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  • shs 250 final exam questions and answersdocx

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SHS 250 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS




phoneme0-0ans✔the0smallest0unit0of0sound0that0can0distinguish0between0morphemes

morpheme0-0ans✔minimal0unit0of0meaning

vowel0reduction0-
0ans✔occurs0in0unstressed0syllables;0vowel0reduces0along0the0dotted0line,0usually0mo
ving0one0step0in0progression0centrally0
ex:0/i/0to0"i"0in0bit0
diphthongs0reduce0to0monophthongs

diphthong0-0ans✔employs0a0gradual0transition0from0one0vowel-like0sound0to0another

allophone0-0ans✔variation0of0a0phoneme0which0does0not0change0meaning

complementary0distribution0-
0ans✔rules0based0on0the0phonetic0environment.020allophones0will0not0occur0in0the0sa
me0phonetic0environment;0the0allophones0occur0in0mutually0exclusive0environments.0C
an0be0predicted

free0variation0-0ans✔random;0allophones0can0occur0in0the0same0environment

coarticulation0-
0ans✔when0a0sound0is0produced0differently0because0of0the0influence0of0sounds0in0its0
phonetic0context0(neighborhood)0
ex:0key0/ki/,0k0/k/,0cow0(rounded0back0vowel)

Assimilation0-
0ans✔the0change0of0a0sound0segment0whereby0it0takes0on0characteristics0of0neighbor
ing0sounds,0becoming0similar

spreading/shingling0-
0ans✔as0if0the0characteristics0permeate0nearby0sounds,0'coloring'0them0ex:0input0>0im
put

, blending0-
0ans✔as0if0the0proximity0of020sounds0to0each0other0creates0a0fusion,0in0which0a0hybri
d0sound0is0created0(also0called0co-production)0ex:0ASU

Anticipatory0assimilation0-
0ans✔most0common0in0English;0occurs0when0a0sound0is0altered0in0anticipation0of0the0
sound0to0follow0ex:0gang0(velar0n)

retentive0(regressive0assimilation)0-
0ans✔a0sound0retains0characteristics0of0a0sound0that0has0preceded0it0ex:0me0(nasaliz
ed0vowel)

broad0transcription0-0ans✔general0detail;0usually0one0symbol

narrow0transcription0-
0ans✔fine0detail,0more0than0one0symbol;0representation0of0target0and0variations0in0pro
duction0(diacritics)

phonetic0transcription0-0ans✔the0identification0of0allophones

phonemic0transcription0-0ans✔the0identification0of0phonemes

IPA0-0ans✔Internation0Phonetic0Alphabet;0provides0cross-linguistic0consistency

minimal0contrast/minimal0pairs0-
0ans✔two0morphemes0differing0in0only0one0sound0segment0(phoneme)0ex:0pin0vs0bin


30systems0of0speech0production0-0ans✔-respiratory=air0source
-lungs,0trachea,0ribcage,0abdomen,0air0passages,0thoracic0musculature,0inhalation/
expiration
-laryngeal=sound0source0
-larynx=voice0box0
-actual0sound0is0produced0by0vibration0of0the0vocal0folds0as0air0sets0them0in0motion
-
larynx0is0housed0between0the0trachea0and0the0hyoid0bone;0includes0the0thyroid0cartila
ge0as0well0as0other0cartilages0and0muscles0
-
vocal0fold0vibration=bilateral0muscle;0adduction0(together).abduction0(apart);0rapid0ope
ning0and0closing0of0the0vocal0folds0is0what0creates0voice0
-supralaryngeal=0sound0filter0(everything0above0vocal0cords/larynx)
-filters0and0shapes0sound0as0it0travels0
-three0cavities:0Pharyngeal,0oral,0nasal

fundamental0frequency0-0ans✔the0lowest0frequency0of0vibration0of0a0standing0wave

2-way0-0ans✔right0or0wrong
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