SHS 250 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
acoustic0vowel0space0-
0ans✔a0diagram0in0which0the0frequencies0of0the0first0two0formants,0f10and0f20define0a
0space0in0which0any0vowel0can0be0represented0as0a0single0point.0this0acoustic0space0
corresponds0to0an0articulatory0vowel0space0defined0by0the0dimensions0of0the0tongue0
height0and0tongue0advancement
resonator0-0ans✔a0physical0object0(including0air-
filled0tubes0such0as0the0vocal0tract)0that0has0certain0natural0frequencies0of0vibration0k
nown0as0the0resonance0frequencies,0or0called0formants0in0the0case0of0the0vocal0tract.
formant0-
0ans✔a0resonance0of0the0vocal0tract0determined0by0the0length0and0shape0of0the0tract
what0two0formants0are0most0important0for0determining0vowel0quality0-0ans✔f10and0f2
Match0the0waveform0axes0to0what0they0measure.0-0ans✔X-axis,amplitude
y-axis,0time
your0voice0generates0pure0tones0-0ans✔false
resonance0peaks0-0ans✔formants
resonance0-
0ans✔modulation0of0the0soundwaves0as0they0travel0through0the0vocal0tract.
spectogram0-0ans✔acoustic0display0of0the0formants
Match0the0spectrogram0axes0with0what0they0measure:0-0ans✔x0axis0-0time
y0axis-0frequency0
color-amplitude
a0voiced0sound0is0considered0aperiodic0-0ans✔false
Pitch0contour0gives0us0information0about0velocity.0-0ans✔false
, Match0the0formant0to0what0it0measures.0-0ans✔f10-
inversely0proportional0to0tongue0height0
f2-proportional0to0tongue0advancement
When0you0read0a0spectrogram,0you0should0be0looking0for0characteristics0which0are0ty
pical0of0different0kinds0of0sounds.0-0ans✔true
The0high0front0vowel0[i]0has0a0__0F10and0a0___F2.0(separate0your0answers0with0a0co
mma)0-0ans✔low,high
The0glide0/w/0is0characterized0by0a0very0low0F1.0-0ans✔true
Nasals0are0characterized0by0a0long0silence0followed0by0a0burst.0-0ans✔false
A0voiceless0stop0is0characterized0by0a0burst0of0energy0after0a0period0of0silence.0-
0ans✔true
The0first0thing0you0should0look0for0when0identifying0a0fricative0in0a0spectrogram0is:0-
0ans✔a0high0frequency0burst0of0energy
An0affricate0is0characterized0by0a0stop0gap0followed0by0a0high0frequency0fricative0burs
t.0-0ans✔true
do0vowels0have0formants0-0ans✔yes
fricatives0level0of0frequency0in0order0-0ans✔s>sh>f>th0as0in0thoratic
complementary0distribution0-
0ans✔allophones0when0they0are0not0normally0exchanged0for0one0another0in0a0certain0
phonetic0context.
free0variation0-
0ans✔allophones0that0can0be0exchanged0for0one0another0in0a0particular0phonetic0cont
ext.
minimal0pair0-
0ans✔In0phonology0and0phonetics,0the0term0minimal0pair0refers0to0two0words0that0diffe
r0in0only0one0sound,0such0as0hit0and0hid.
fundamental0frequency0-
0ans✔the0basic0rate0of0vibration0of0the0vocal0folds;0fundamental0frequency0is0the0physi
cal0correlate0of0vocal0pitch
complex0tones0-0ans✔more0than0one0sinusoid0together
AND ANSWERS
acoustic0vowel0space0-
0ans✔a0diagram0in0which0the0frequencies0of0the0first0two0formants,0f10and0f20define0a
0space0in0which0any0vowel0can0be0represented0as0a0single0point.0this0acoustic0space0
corresponds0to0an0articulatory0vowel0space0defined0by0the0dimensions0of0the0tongue0
height0and0tongue0advancement
resonator0-0ans✔a0physical0object0(including0air-
filled0tubes0such0as0the0vocal0tract)0that0has0certain0natural0frequencies0of0vibration0k
nown0as0the0resonance0frequencies,0or0called0formants0in0the0case0of0the0vocal0tract.
formant0-
0ans✔a0resonance0of0the0vocal0tract0determined0by0the0length0and0shape0of0the0tract
what0two0formants0are0most0important0for0determining0vowel0quality0-0ans✔f10and0f2
Match0the0waveform0axes0to0what0they0measure.0-0ans✔X-axis,amplitude
y-axis,0time
your0voice0generates0pure0tones0-0ans✔false
resonance0peaks0-0ans✔formants
resonance0-
0ans✔modulation0of0the0soundwaves0as0they0travel0through0the0vocal0tract.
spectogram0-0ans✔acoustic0display0of0the0formants
Match0the0spectrogram0axes0with0what0they0measure:0-0ans✔x0axis0-0time
y0axis-0frequency0
color-amplitude
a0voiced0sound0is0considered0aperiodic0-0ans✔false
Pitch0contour0gives0us0information0about0velocity.0-0ans✔false
, Match0the0formant0to0what0it0measures.0-0ans✔f10-
inversely0proportional0to0tongue0height0
f2-proportional0to0tongue0advancement
When0you0read0a0spectrogram,0you0should0be0looking0for0characteristics0which0are0ty
pical0of0different0kinds0of0sounds.0-0ans✔true
The0high0front0vowel0[i]0has0a0__0F10and0a0___F2.0(separate0your0answers0with0a0co
mma)0-0ans✔low,high
The0glide0/w/0is0characterized0by0a0very0low0F1.0-0ans✔true
Nasals0are0characterized0by0a0long0silence0followed0by0a0burst.0-0ans✔false
A0voiceless0stop0is0characterized0by0a0burst0of0energy0after0a0period0of0silence.0-
0ans✔true
The0first0thing0you0should0look0for0when0identifying0a0fricative0in0a0spectrogram0is:0-
0ans✔a0high0frequency0burst0of0energy
An0affricate0is0characterized0by0a0stop0gap0followed0by0a0high0frequency0fricative0burs
t.0-0ans✔true
do0vowels0have0formants0-0ans✔yes
fricatives0level0of0frequency0in0order0-0ans✔s>sh>f>th0as0in0thoratic
complementary0distribution0-
0ans✔allophones0when0they0are0not0normally0exchanged0for0one0another0in0a0certain0
phonetic0context.
free0variation0-
0ans✔allophones0that0can0be0exchanged0for0one0another0in0a0particular0phonetic0cont
ext.
minimal0pair0-
0ans✔In0phonology0and0phonetics,0the0term0minimal0pair0refers0to0two0words0that0diffe
r0in0only0one0sound,0such0as0hit0and0hid.
fundamental0frequency0-
0ans✔the0basic0rate0of0vibration0of0the0vocal0folds;0fundamental0frequency0is0the0physi
cal0correlate0of0vocal0pitch
complex0tones0-0ans✔more0than0one0sinusoid0together
