NURS 175 Final Exam – Nursing Fundamentals &
Clinical Practice Study Guide
5 Types of Diuretics - -- answer --Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)- strong,
edema/glaucoma
Loop Diuretics- fast acting, HTN, pulmonary edema
Osmotic Diuretics -cerebral edema, renal failure
Potassium-sparring Diuretics - weak, HTN, HF, used in conjunction with loop
diuretics
Thiazide Diuretics - inhibit reabsorption of Na, Cl and K
Diuretic examples - -- answer --CAIs - acetazolamide
Loop - furosemide
Osmotic - mannitol
K-sparring - spironolactone
Thiazide - hydrochlorothiazide
HYPERvolemia symptoms - -- answer --edema, hypertension, weight gain,
bounding tachycardia
SOB, decrease BUN, crackles
,HYPOvolemia symptoms - -- answer --decreased cardiac output, thirsty, dry
mucous membrane
increase BUN, weight loss, concentrated urine, decrease BP, weak pulse
Losing 2 lbs a day or 5 lbs in a week means - -- answer --Fluid volume excess
Isotonic solutions do what - -- answer --replace ECF/hydrate the vessel
Hypotonic solutions do what? - -- answer --Puff up cells. Fluid leaves ECF goes to
ICF (Hypo-HIPPO)
Hypertonic solutions do what? - -- answer --Shrink cells. Fluid leaves ICF goes to
ECF
Complications of IV therapy - -- answer --infiltration - solutions leaked into
surrounding tissue (swelling, cold, pale)
extravasation - damage tissue (blisters, redness, pain)
phlebitis - inflammation of vein caused by trauma from a needle (warm, red,
tender, swelling happens above site)
Eriksons stages of Development - -- answer --1. Trust vs. mistrust (1 month - 1
year) HOPE
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 - 3 years) WILL
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 - 6 years) PURPOSE
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6 - 12 years) COMPETENCY
5. Identity vs. role diffusion (Adolescence 13 - 21 years) FIDELITY
, 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early adulthood 21 - 39 years) LOVE
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood 40 - 65 years) CARE
8. Ego-Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood 65 and older) WISDOM
Acute vs Chronic illness - -- answer --- Acute Illness (<6months): short term,
appear suddenly, subside quickly, may not require medical attention (COPD flare
up)
- Chronic Illness (>6months): usually cannot be cured, develop gradually, require
continuous medical attention, may be lifelong (COPD)
Levels of Prevention/Health Promotion - -- answer --Primary - promoting health,
preventing disease
Secondary - screenings + early detection
Tertiary - treatment + post diagnosis
Modifiable vs Non-modifiable risk factors - -- answer --modifiable- smoking,
drinking, exercise, stress
non modifiable- gender, age, race, family history
Stages of Illness - -- answer --1. Experiencing symptoms
2. Assuming the sick role
3. Assuming a dependent role
4. Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Largest risk factors for Chronic Disease - -- answer --Smoking, Diet, Lack of
exercise
Clinical Practice Study Guide
5 Types of Diuretics - -- answer --Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)- strong,
edema/glaucoma
Loop Diuretics- fast acting, HTN, pulmonary edema
Osmotic Diuretics -cerebral edema, renal failure
Potassium-sparring Diuretics - weak, HTN, HF, used in conjunction with loop
diuretics
Thiazide Diuretics - inhibit reabsorption of Na, Cl and K
Diuretic examples - -- answer --CAIs - acetazolamide
Loop - furosemide
Osmotic - mannitol
K-sparring - spironolactone
Thiazide - hydrochlorothiazide
HYPERvolemia symptoms - -- answer --edema, hypertension, weight gain,
bounding tachycardia
SOB, decrease BUN, crackles
,HYPOvolemia symptoms - -- answer --decreased cardiac output, thirsty, dry
mucous membrane
increase BUN, weight loss, concentrated urine, decrease BP, weak pulse
Losing 2 lbs a day or 5 lbs in a week means - -- answer --Fluid volume excess
Isotonic solutions do what - -- answer --replace ECF/hydrate the vessel
Hypotonic solutions do what? - -- answer --Puff up cells. Fluid leaves ECF goes to
ICF (Hypo-HIPPO)
Hypertonic solutions do what? - -- answer --Shrink cells. Fluid leaves ICF goes to
ECF
Complications of IV therapy - -- answer --infiltration - solutions leaked into
surrounding tissue (swelling, cold, pale)
extravasation - damage tissue (blisters, redness, pain)
phlebitis - inflammation of vein caused by trauma from a needle (warm, red,
tender, swelling happens above site)
Eriksons stages of Development - -- answer --1. Trust vs. mistrust (1 month - 1
year) HOPE
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 - 3 years) WILL
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 - 6 years) PURPOSE
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6 - 12 years) COMPETENCY
5. Identity vs. role diffusion (Adolescence 13 - 21 years) FIDELITY
, 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early adulthood 21 - 39 years) LOVE
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood 40 - 65 years) CARE
8. Ego-Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood 65 and older) WISDOM
Acute vs Chronic illness - -- answer --- Acute Illness (<6months): short term,
appear suddenly, subside quickly, may not require medical attention (COPD flare
up)
- Chronic Illness (>6months): usually cannot be cured, develop gradually, require
continuous medical attention, may be lifelong (COPD)
Levels of Prevention/Health Promotion - -- answer --Primary - promoting health,
preventing disease
Secondary - screenings + early detection
Tertiary - treatment + post diagnosis
Modifiable vs Non-modifiable risk factors - -- answer --modifiable- smoking,
drinking, exercise, stress
non modifiable- gender, age, race, family history
Stages of Illness - -- answer --1. Experiencing symptoms
2. Assuming the sick role
3. Assuming a dependent role
4. Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Largest risk factors for Chronic Disease - -- answer --Smoking, Diet, Lack of
exercise
