Pathophysiology, 6th Edition @sdfg @sdfg
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
@sdfg @sdfg @sdfg @sdfg
Banasik:
@sdfg
MULTIPLE @sdfgCHOICE
1. gC.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic
Streptococcus and subsequently developeda pharyngeal
infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral
temperature of 102.3F, skin rash, dysphagia, and
reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He
complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A
throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and
antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s
disease is
a. a sore throat.
b. streptococcal infection.
c. genetic susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited
tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a
clinical manifestation of the disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
for susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early
detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
exercise program. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
Med C File 2022
, as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care
and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment
involves management of the disease once it has developed.
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
intake. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such
as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is
prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering
medication. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
No s R
susceptibility or reducing e x pU uSr eIfN
oGr sB.C
TusceptibOle individuals. Secondary prevention is the
early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
of this disease. This stage of illness is called the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the
first appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and
symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache,
malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases.
Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is
the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
Med C File 2022
, 7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease
that spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
In @sdfggeneral, @sdfgwith @sdfgaging, @sdfgorgan @sdfgsize @sdfgand @sdfgfunction @sdfgdecrease.
9. The @sdfgstage @sdfgduring @sdfgwhich @sdfgthe @sdfgpatient @sdfgfunctions @sdfgnormally, @sdfgalthough @sdfgthe
@sdfgdisease @sdfgprocesses @sdfgare @sdfgwell @sdfgestablished, @sdfgis @sdfgreferred @sdfgto @sdfgas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: @ s d f g B
The @sdfgstage @sdfgduring @sdfgwhich @sdfgthe @sdfgpatient @sdfgfunctions @sdfgnormally, @sdfgalthough @sdfgthe
@sdfgdisease @sdfgprocesses @sdfgare @sdfgwell @sdfgestablished, @sdfgis @sdfgcalled @sdfgthe @sdfgsubclinical @sdfgstage.
@sdfgThe @sdfginterval @sdfgbetween @sdfgexposure @sdfgof @sdfga @sdfgtissue @sdfgto @sdfgan @sdfginjurious @sdfgagent
NirU
@sdfgand @sdfgthe @sdfgf st RapSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo. f @sdfgC
sigOnM
s @ sdfg and @sdfgsymptoms @sdfgmay @sdfgbe @sdfgcalled @sdfga
@sdfglatent
period @sdfgor, @sdfgin @sdfgthe @sdfgcase @sdfgof @sdfginfectious @sdfgdiseases, @sdfgan @sdfgincubation @sdfgperiod. @sdfgThe
@sdfgprodromal @sdfgperiod, @sdfgor
prodrome, @sdfgrefers @sdfgto @sdfgthe @sdfgappearance @sdfgof @sdfgthe @sdfgfirst @sdfgsigns @sdfgand @sdfgsymptoms
@sdfgindicating @sdfgthe @sdfgonset @sdfgof @sdfga @sdfgdisease. @sdfgConvalescence @sdfgis @sdfgthe @sdfgstage @sdfgof
@sdfgrecovery @sdfgafter @sdfga @sdfgdisease, @sdfginjury, @sdfgor @sdfgsurgical @sdfgoperation.
MULTIPLE @sdfgRESPONSE
1. Your @sdfgpatient’s @sdfgred @sdfgblood @sdfgcell @sdfgis @sdfgslightly @sdfgelevated @sdfgtoday. @sdfgThis @sdfgmight
@sdfgbe @sdfgexplained @sdfgby @sdfg(Select @sdfgall @sdfgthat @sdfgapply.)
a. gender @sdfgdifference.
b. situational @sdfgfactors.
c. normal @sdfgvariation.
d. cultural @sdfgvariation.
e. illness.
ANS: @ s d f g A, @sdfgB, @sdfgC, @sdfgE
Gender, @sdfgsituations @sdfg(e.g., @sdfgaltitude), @sdfgnormal @sdfgvariations, @sdfgand @sdfgillness @sdfgmay @sdfgall
@sdfgdetermine @sdfgred @sdfgblood @sdfgcell @sdfgcount. @sdfgCulture @sdfgaffects @sdfghow @sdfgmanifestations
@sdfgare @sdfgperceived @sdfg(normal @sdfgversus @sdfgabnormal).
Med @sdfgC @sdfgFile
@sdfg2022
, 2. Socioeconomic @sdfgfactors @sdfginfluence @sdfgdisease @sdfgdevelopment @sdfgbecause @sdfgof @sdfg(Select @sdfgall @sdfgthat
@sdfgapply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental @sdfgtoxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS: @ s d f g B, @sdfgC, @sdfgD, @sdfgE
Socioeconomic @sdfgfactors @sdfginfluence @sdfgdisease @sdfgdevelopment @sdfgvia @sdfgexposure @sdfgto
@sdfgenvironmental @sdfgtoxins @sdfg(occupational) @sdfgand @sdfgovercrowding, @sdfgnutrition @sdfg(over-
@sdfgor @sdfgundernutrition), @sdfgand @sdfghygiene @sdfg(e.g., @sdfgin @sdfgdeveloping @sdfgcountries).
@sdfgGenetics @sdfgis @sdfgnot @sdfginfluenced @sdfgby @sdfgsocioeconomic @sdfgfactors.
TRUE/FALSE
1. When @sdfgthe @sdfgcause @sdfgis @sdfgunknown, @sdfga @sdfgcondition @sdfgis
said @sdfgto @sdfgbe @sdfgidiopathic @sdfgANS: @ s d f g T
@sdfg
Many @sdfgdiseases @sdfgare @sdfgidiopathic @sdfgin @sdfgnature.
2. The @sdfgnurse @sdfgis @sdfgswabbing @sdfga @sdfgpatient’s @sdfgthroat @sdfgto @sdfgtest @sdfgfor @sdfgstreptococcal
@sdfgpharyngitis. @sdfgThe @sdfgnurse @sdfgmust @sdfgunderstand @sdfgthat @sdfgtests @sdfgsuch @sdfgas @sdfgthis
@sdfgdiffer @sdfgin @sdfgthe @sdfgprobability @sdfgthat @sdfgthey @sdfgwill @sdfgbe @sdfgpositive @sdfgfor @sdfga
@sdfgcondition @sdfgwhen @sdfgapplied @sdfgto @sdfga @sdfgperson @sdfgwith @sdfgthe @sdfgcondition; @sdfgthis
@sdfgprobability @sdfgis @sdfgtermed @sdfgsensitivity.
ANS: @ s d f g T
The @sdfgsensitivity @sdfgof @sdfgany @sdfgtest @sdfgrefers @sdfgto @sdfgthe @sdfgprobability @sdfgthat @sdfgthe @sdfgtest @sdfgwill
@sdfgbe @sdfgpositive @sdfgwhen @sdfgapplied @sdfgto @sdfga @sdfgperson @sdfgwith @sdfgthe @sdfgcondition @sdfgand @sdfgwill
@sdfgnot @sdfgprovide @sdfga @sdfgfalse @sdfgnegative @sdfgresult. @sdfgIn @sdfgcontrast, @sdfgspecificity @sdfgis @sdfgthe
@sdfgprobability @sdfgthat @sdfga @sdfgtest @sdfgwill @sdfgbe @sdfgnegative @sdfgwhen @sdfgapplied @sdfgto @sdfga
@sdfgperson @sdfgwho @sdfgdoes @sdfgnot @sdfghave @sdfga @sdfggiven @sdfgcondition.
Chapter @sdfg02: @sdfgHomeostasis, @sdfgAllostasis, @sdfgand @sdfgAdaptive @sdfgResponses @sdfgto
@sdfgStressors @sdfgBanasik: @sdfgPathophysiology, @sdfg6th @sdfgEdition
MULTIPLE @sdfgCHOICE
1. Indicators @sdfgthat @sdfgan @sdfgindividual @sdfgis @sdfgexperiencing @sdfghigh @sdfgstress @sdfginclude @sdfgall @sdfgthe
@sdfgfollowing @sdfgexcept
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased @sdfgperipheral @sdfgresistance.
d. pupil @sdfgconstriction.
ANS: @ s d f g D
Pupils @sdfgdilate @sdfgduring @sdfgstress @sdfgfrom @sdfgthe @sdfgeffects @sdfgof @sdfgcatecholamines.
@sdfgTachycardia, @sdfgdiaphoresis, @sdfgand @sdfgincreased @sdfgperipheral @sdfgresistance @sdfgare
Med @sdfgC @sdfgFile
@sdfg2022
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
@sdfg @sdfg @sdfg @sdfg
Banasik:
@sdfg
MULTIPLE @sdfgCHOICE
1. gC.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic
Streptococcus and subsequently developeda pharyngeal
infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral
temperature of 102.3F, skin rash, dysphagia, and
reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He
complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A
throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and
antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s
disease is
a. a sore throat.
b. streptococcal infection.
c. genetic susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited
tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a
clinical manifestation of the disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
for susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early
detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
exercise program. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
Med C File 2022
, as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care
and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment
involves management of the disease once it has developed.
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
intake. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such
as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is
prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering
medication. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
No s R
susceptibility or reducing e x pU uSr eIfN
oGr sB.C
TusceptibOle individuals. Secondary prevention is the
early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
of this disease. This stage of illness is called the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the
first appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and
symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache,
malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases.
Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is
the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
Med C File 2022
, 7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease
that spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
In @sdfggeneral, @sdfgwith @sdfgaging, @sdfgorgan @sdfgsize @sdfgand @sdfgfunction @sdfgdecrease.
9. The @sdfgstage @sdfgduring @sdfgwhich @sdfgthe @sdfgpatient @sdfgfunctions @sdfgnormally, @sdfgalthough @sdfgthe
@sdfgdisease @sdfgprocesses @sdfgare @sdfgwell @sdfgestablished, @sdfgis @sdfgreferred @sdfgto @sdfgas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: @ s d f g B
The @sdfgstage @sdfgduring @sdfgwhich @sdfgthe @sdfgpatient @sdfgfunctions @sdfgnormally, @sdfgalthough @sdfgthe
@sdfgdisease @sdfgprocesses @sdfgare @sdfgwell @sdfgestablished, @sdfgis @sdfgcalled @sdfgthe @sdfgsubclinical @sdfgstage.
@sdfgThe @sdfginterval @sdfgbetween @sdfgexposure @sdfgof @sdfga @sdfgtissue @sdfgto @sdfgan @sdfginjurious @sdfgagent
NirU
@sdfgand @sdfgthe @sdfgf st RapSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo. f @sdfgC
sigOnM
s @ sdfg and @sdfgsymptoms @sdfgmay @sdfgbe @sdfgcalled @sdfga
@sdfglatent
period @sdfgor, @sdfgin @sdfgthe @sdfgcase @sdfgof @sdfginfectious @sdfgdiseases, @sdfgan @sdfgincubation @sdfgperiod. @sdfgThe
@sdfgprodromal @sdfgperiod, @sdfgor
prodrome, @sdfgrefers @sdfgto @sdfgthe @sdfgappearance @sdfgof @sdfgthe @sdfgfirst @sdfgsigns @sdfgand @sdfgsymptoms
@sdfgindicating @sdfgthe @sdfgonset @sdfgof @sdfga @sdfgdisease. @sdfgConvalescence @sdfgis @sdfgthe @sdfgstage @sdfgof
@sdfgrecovery @sdfgafter @sdfga @sdfgdisease, @sdfginjury, @sdfgor @sdfgsurgical @sdfgoperation.
MULTIPLE @sdfgRESPONSE
1. Your @sdfgpatient’s @sdfgred @sdfgblood @sdfgcell @sdfgis @sdfgslightly @sdfgelevated @sdfgtoday. @sdfgThis @sdfgmight
@sdfgbe @sdfgexplained @sdfgby @sdfg(Select @sdfgall @sdfgthat @sdfgapply.)
a. gender @sdfgdifference.
b. situational @sdfgfactors.
c. normal @sdfgvariation.
d. cultural @sdfgvariation.
e. illness.
ANS: @ s d f g A, @sdfgB, @sdfgC, @sdfgE
Gender, @sdfgsituations @sdfg(e.g., @sdfgaltitude), @sdfgnormal @sdfgvariations, @sdfgand @sdfgillness @sdfgmay @sdfgall
@sdfgdetermine @sdfgred @sdfgblood @sdfgcell @sdfgcount. @sdfgCulture @sdfgaffects @sdfghow @sdfgmanifestations
@sdfgare @sdfgperceived @sdfg(normal @sdfgversus @sdfgabnormal).
Med @sdfgC @sdfgFile
@sdfg2022
, 2. Socioeconomic @sdfgfactors @sdfginfluence @sdfgdisease @sdfgdevelopment @sdfgbecause @sdfgof @sdfg(Select @sdfgall @sdfgthat
@sdfgapply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental @sdfgtoxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS: @ s d f g B, @sdfgC, @sdfgD, @sdfgE
Socioeconomic @sdfgfactors @sdfginfluence @sdfgdisease @sdfgdevelopment @sdfgvia @sdfgexposure @sdfgto
@sdfgenvironmental @sdfgtoxins @sdfg(occupational) @sdfgand @sdfgovercrowding, @sdfgnutrition @sdfg(over-
@sdfgor @sdfgundernutrition), @sdfgand @sdfghygiene @sdfg(e.g., @sdfgin @sdfgdeveloping @sdfgcountries).
@sdfgGenetics @sdfgis @sdfgnot @sdfginfluenced @sdfgby @sdfgsocioeconomic @sdfgfactors.
TRUE/FALSE
1. When @sdfgthe @sdfgcause @sdfgis @sdfgunknown, @sdfga @sdfgcondition @sdfgis
said @sdfgto @sdfgbe @sdfgidiopathic @sdfgANS: @ s d f g T
@sdfg
Many @sdfgdiseases @sdfgare @sdfgidiopathic @sdfgin @sdfgnature.
2. The @sdfgnurse @sdfgis @sdfgswabbing @sdfga @sdfgpatient’s @sdfgthroat @sdfgto @sdfgtest @sdfgfor @sdfgstreptococcal
@sdfgpharyngitis. @sdfgThe @sdfgnurse @sdfgmust @sdfgunderstand @sdfgthat @sdfgtests @sdfgsuch @sdfgas @sdfgthis
@sdfgdiffer @sdfgin @sdfgthe @sdfgprobability @sdfgthat @sdfgthey @sdfgwill @sdfgbe @sdfgpositive @sdfgfor @sdfga
@sdfgcondition @sdfgwhen @sdfgapplied @sdfgto @sdfga @sdfgperson @sdfgwith @sdfgthe @sdfgcondition; @sdfgthis
@sdfgprobability @sdfgis @sdfgtermed @sdfgsensitivity.
ANS: @ s d f g T
The @sdfgsensitivity @sdfgof @sdfgany @sdfgtest @sdfgrefers @sdfgto @sdfgthe @sdfgprobability @sdfgthat @sdfgthe @sdfgtest @sdfgwill
@sdfgbe @sdfgpositive @sdfgwhen @sdfgapplied @sdfgto @sdfga @sdfgperson @sdfgwith @sdfgthe @sdfgcondition @sdfgand @sdfgwill
@sdfgnot @sdfgprovide @sdfga @sdfgfalse @sdfgnegative @sdfgresult. @sdfgIn @sdfgcontrast, @sdfgspecificity @sdfgis @sdfgthe
@sdfgprobability @sdfgthat @sdfga @sdfgtest @sdfgwill @sdfgbe @sdfgnegative @sdfgwhen @sdfgapplied @sdfgto @sdfga
@sdfgperson @sdfgwho @sdfgdoes @sdfgnot @sdfghave @sdfga @sdfggiven @sdfgcondition.
Chapter @sdfg02: @sdfgHomeostasis, @sdfgAllostasis, @sdfgand @sdfgAdaptive @sdfgResponses @sdfgto
@sdfgStressors @sdfgBanasik: @sdfgPathophysiology, @sdfg6th @sdfgEdition
MULTIPLE @sdfgCHOICE
1. Indicators @sdfgthat @sdfgan @sdfgindividual @sdfgis @sdfgexperiencing @sdfghigh @sdfgstress @sdfginclude @sdfgall @sdfgthe
@sdfgfollowing @sdfgexcept
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased @sdfgperipheral @sdfgresistance.
d. pupil @sdfgconstriction.
ANS: @ s d f g D
Pupils @sdfgdilate @sdfgduring @sdfgstress @sdfgfrom @sdfgthe @sdfgeffects @sdfgof @sdfgcatecholamines.
@sdfgTachycardia, @sdfgdiaphoresis, @sdfgand @sdfgincreased @sdfgperipheral @sdfgresistance @sdfgare
Med @sdfgC @sdfgFile
@sdfg2022
