Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
TEST BANK
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
David L. Nelson, Michael M. Coxy
7th Edition
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
Chapter 2. Water
Chapter 3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Chapter 4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins
Chapter 5. Protein Function
Chapter 6. Enzymes
Chapter 7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
Chapter 8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Chapter 9. DNA-Based Information Technologies
Chapter 10. Lipids
Chapter 11. Biological Membranes and Transport
Chapter 12. Biosignaling
Chapter 13. Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types
Chapter 14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Chapter 15. Principles of Metabolic Regulation
Chapter 16. The Citric Acid Cycle
Chapter 17. Fatty Acid Catabolism
Chapter 18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
Chapter 19. Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation
Chapter 20. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria
Chapter 21. Lipid Biosynthesis
Chapter 22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules
Chapter 23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism
Chapter 24. Genes and Chromosomes
Chapter 25. DNA Metabolism
Chapter 26. RNA Metabolism
Chapter 27. Protein Metabolism
Chapter 28. Regulation of Gene Expression
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and
diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
B) 0.3 m to 30 m.
C) 0.3 m to 100 m.
D) 1 m to 100 m.
E) 1 m to 300 m.
5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
extreme environments?
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page 1
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is
therefore a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a list of organelles?
A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum
B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane
C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes
D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes
E) All of the answers are correct.
8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size?
A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a
noncovalent interaction?
A) carbon-carbon bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) ionic interactions
E) van der Waals interactions
10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page 2
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
11. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which
geometry?
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal bipyramidal
D) trigonal planar
E) trigonal pyramidal
12. What functional groups are present on this molecule?
A) ether and aldehyde
B) hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) hydroxyl and carboxylic acid
D) hydroxyl and ester
E) hydroxyl and ketone
13. The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information
are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.
15. The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell is the:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page 3
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
16. Use the terms a) chemoautotrophs, b) chemoheterotrophs, c) photoautotrophs, and d)
photoheterotrophs and identify the answer that CORRECTLY finishes the statement:
Carnivores are _____ and herbivores are _____.
A) b; c
B) b; d
C) b; b
D) a; b
E) a; a
17. The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but
it will not catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is
an example of:
A) biological activity.
B) chiral activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.
18. Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and
degrading it. This is an example of a(n):
A) dynamic steady state.
B) equilibrium state.
C) exergonic change.
D) free-energy change.
E) waste of energy.
19. If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction, the reaction is said
to be:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
20. If the free energy change G for a reaction is –46.11 kJ/mol, the reaction is:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
Page 4
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
21. The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells is:
A) acetyl triphosphate.
B) adenosine monophosphate.
C) adenosine triphosphate.
D) cytosine tetraphosphate.
E) uridine diphosphate.
22. Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
A) decreasing the activation energy.
B) decreasing the amount of free energy released.
C) increasing the activation energy.
D) increasing the amount of free energy released.
E) increasing the energy of the transition state.
23. Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler
precursors are:
A) amphibolic.
B) anabolic.
C) autotrophic.
D) catabolic.
E) heterotrophic.
24. Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in:
A) deoxyribonucleic acid.
B) membrane structures.
C) nuclei.
D) polysaccharides.
E) ribonucleic acid.
25. When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing and replacing some of the
nucleotides, what ensures that the new nucleotides are in the correct sequence?
A) DNA cannot be repaired and this explains why mutations occur.
B) Specific enzymes bind the correct nucleotides.
C) The new nucleotides base pair accurately with those on the complementary strand.
D) The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucleotide and brings in an identical
one to replace it.
E) The three-dimensional structure determines the order of nucleotides.
Page 5
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
26. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is determined primarily by:
A) electrostatic guidance from nucleic acid structure.
B) how many amino acids are in the protein.
C) hydrophobic interaction with lipids that provide a folding framework.
D) modification during interactions with ribosomes.
E) the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
27. According to Oparin's theory for the origin of life, the prebiotic atmosphere:
A) already contained some primitive RNA molecules.
B) basically was very similar to the atmosphere of today.
C) contained many amino acids.
D) had an abundance of methane, ammonia, and water.
E) was rich in oxygen.
28. When two genes in an organism share detectable sequence similarity, those genes or
their gene products, are said to be:
A) homologues.
B) orthologues.
C) paralogues.
D) both homologues and orthologues.
E) both homologues and paralogues.
F) both orthologues and paralogues.
29. Which statement is NOT a distinguishing feature of living organisms?
A) There exists a high degree of organizational complexity.
B) The structure of components influences their function.
C) Organisms can reproduce themselves.
D) Organisms do not need to interact with their environment.
E) Organisms change over time.
30. Which organic molecules can be considered “alive”?
A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) nucleic acids
D) saccharides
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page 6
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
31. Which statement is NOT true regarding the plasma membrane?
A) It is a physical barrier separating the inside of the cell from its surroundings.
B) It is a flexible, hydrophobic structure.
C) The individual lipids and proteins of the plasma membrane are covalently linked.
D) The plasma membrane incorporates newly made lipid and protein components as a
cell grows.
E) Cell division occurs without loss of the membrane integrity.
32. The major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that:
A) prokaryotes have a nucleus, while eukaryotes do not.
B) eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not.
C) eukaryotes have double-stranded DNA, while prokaryotes have single-stranded
DNA.
D) prokaryotes have double-stranded DNA, while eukaryotes have single-stranded
DNA.
E) prokaryotes do not have ribosomes.
33. If an organism is a facultative anaerobe, which statement is TRUE?
A) The organism requires sulfur to live.
B) The organism will die if exposed to oxygen.
C) The organism requires oxygen to live.
D) The organism does not require oxygen to live but will not die if exposed to oxygen.
E) The organism requires methane to live.
34. Which statement is TRUE regarding energy sources used by organisms?
A) Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
B) Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
C) All phototrophs are autotrophs.
D) All chemotrophs are heterotrophs.
E) All phototrophs are autotrophs that can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
35. Which statement is FALSE regarding bacterial and archaeal cells?
A) Archaeal and bacterial plasma membranes consist of a thin bilayer of lipid
molecules penetrated by proteins.
B) Bacteria and archaea have group specific specializations in their cell envelope.
C) Archaea can have a single- or double-layered membrane.
D) Bacteria can have a single- or double-layered membrane.
E) Both bacteria and archaea have a layer of peptidoglycan in their cell envelope.
Page 7
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
36. Which organelle does NOT consist of a double membrane?
A) mitochondrion
B) ribosome
C) chloroplast
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi body
37. Which method is MOST useful when fractionating cellular organelles?
A) centrifugation
B) precipitation
C) chromatography
D) restriction digest
E) peroxidation
38. Which organelle is NOT found in plant cells?
A) ribosome
B) lysosome
C) chloroplast
D) vacuole
E) mitochondrion
39. Which reason is MOST probable for why carbon is used in living organisms but not
silicon?
A) Carbon can make four bonds, whereas silicon can only make three.
B) Carbon can make double bonds, but silicon cannot.
C) Carbon can form more preferred geometries when bonding.
D) Carbon is lighter, and therefore its bonds are stronger.
E) Silicon is heavier, and therefore its bonds are stronger.
40. Which group includes the four most abundant elements in living organisms?
A) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, iron
B) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
C) carbon, hydrogen, phosphorous, oxygen
D) carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen
E) carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen
Page 8
TEST BANK
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
David L. Nelson, Michael M. Coxy
7th Edition
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
Chapter 2. Water
Chapter 3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Chapter 4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins
Chapter 5. Protein Function
Chapter 6. Enzymes
Chapter 7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
Chapter 8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Chapter 9. DNA-Based Information Technologies
Chapter 10. Lipids
Chapter 11. Biological Membranes and Transport
Chapter 12. Biosignaling
Chapter 13. Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types
Chapter 14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Chapter 15. Principles of Metabolic Regulation
Chapter 16. The Citric Acid Cycle
Chapter 17. Fatty Acid Catabolism
Chapter 18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
Chapter 19. Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation
Chapter 20. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria
Chapter 21. Lipid Biosynthesis
Chapter 22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules
Chapter 23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism
Chapter 24. Genes and Chromosomes
Chapter 25. DNA Metabolism
Chapter 26. RNA Metabolism
Chapter 27. Protein Metabolism
Chapter 28. Regulation of Gene Expression
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and
diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
B) 0.3 m to 30 m.
C) 0.3 m to 100 m.
D) 1 m to 100 m.
E) 1 m to 300 m.
5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
extreme environments?
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page 1
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is
therefore a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a list of organelles?
A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum
B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane
C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes
D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes
E) All of the answers are correct.
8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size?
A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a
noncovalent interaction?
A) carbon-carbon bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) ionic interactions
E) van der Waals interactions
10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page 2
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
11. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which
geometry?
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal bipyramidal
D) trigonal planar
E) trigonal pyramidal
12. What functional groups are present on this molecule?
A) ether and aldehyde
B) hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) hydroxyl and carboxylic acid
D) hydroxyl and ester
E) hydroxyl and ketone
13. The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information
are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.
15. The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell is the:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page 3
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
16. Use the terms a) chemoautotrophs, b) chemoheterotrophs, c) photoautotrophs, and d)
photoheterotrophs and identify the answer that CORRECTLY finishes the statement:
Carnivores are _____ and herbivores are _____.
A) b; c
B) b; d
C) b; b
D) a; b
E) a; a
17. The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but
it will not catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is
an example of:
A) biological activity.
B) chiral activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.
18. Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and
degrading it. This is an example of a(n):
A) dynamic steady state.
B) equilibrium state.
C) exergonic change.
D) free-energy change.
E) waste of energy.
19. If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction, the reaction is said
to be:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
20. If the free energy change G for a reaction is –46.11 kJ/mol, the reaction is:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
Page 4
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
21. The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells is:
A) acetyl triphosphate.
B) adenosine monophosphate.
C) adenosine triphosphate.
D) cytosine tetraphosphate.
E) uridine diphosphate.
22. Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
A) decreasing the activation energy.
B) decreasing the amount of free energy released.
C) increasing the activation energy.
D) increasing the amount of free energy released.
E) increasing the energy of the transition state.
23. Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler
precursors are:
A) amphibolic.
B) anabolic.
C) autotrophic.
D) catabolic.
E) heterotrophic.
24. Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in:
A) deoxyribonucleic acid.
B) membrane structures.
C) nuclei.
D) polysaccharides.
E) ribonucleic acid.
25. When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing and replacing some of the
nucleotides, what ensures that the new nucleotides are in the correct sequence?
A) DNA cannot be repaired and this explains why mutations occur.
B) Specific enzymes bind the correct nucleotides.
C) The new nucleotides base pair accurately with those on the complementary strand.
D) The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucleotide and brings in an identical
one to replace it.
E) The three-dimensional structure determines the order of nucleotides.
Page 5
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
26. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is determined primarily by:
A) electrostatic guidance from nucleic acid structure.
B) how many amino acids are in the protein.
C) hydrophobic interaction with lipids that provide a folding framework.
D) modification during interactions with ribosomes.
E) the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
27. According to Oparin's theory for the origin of life, the prebiotic atmosphere:
A) already contained some primitive RNA molecules.
B) basically was very similar to the atmosphere of today.
C) contained many amino acids.
D) had an abundance of methane, ammonia, and water.
E) was rich in oxygen.
28. When two genes in an organism share detectable sequence similarity, those genes or
their gene products, are said to be:
A) homologues.
B) orthologues.
C) paralogues.
D) both homologues and orthologues.
E) both homologues and paralogues.
F) both orthologues and paralogues.
29. Which statement is NOT a distinguishing feature of living organisms?
A) There exists a high degree of organizational complexity.
B) The structure of components influences their function.
C) Organisms can reproduce themselves.
D) Organisms do not need to interact with their environment.
E) Organisms change over time.
30. Which organic molecules can be considered “alive”?
A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) nucleic acids
D) saccharides
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page 6
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
31. Which statement is NOT true regarding the plasma membrane?
A) It is a physical barrier separating the inside of the cell from its surroundings.
B) It is a flexible, hydrophobic structure.
C) The individual lipids and proteins of the plasma membrane are covalently linked.
D) The plasma membrane incorporates newly made lipid and protein components as a
cell grows.
E) Cell division occurs without loss of the membrane integrity.
32. The major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that:
A) prokaryotes have a nucleus, while eukaryotes do not.
B) eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not.
C) eukaryotes have double-stranded DNA, while prokaryotes have single-stranded
DNA.
D) prokaryotes have double-stranded DNA, while eukaryotes have single-stranded
DNA.
E) prokaryotes do not have ribosomes.
33. If an organism is a facultative anaerobe, which statement is TRUE?
A) The organism requires sulfur to live.
B) The organism will die if exposed to oxygen.
C) The organism requires oxygen to live.
D) The organism does not require oxygen to live but will not die if exposed to oxygen.
E) The organism requires methane to live.
34. Which statement is TRUE regarding energy sources used by organisms?
A) Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
B) Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
C) All phototrophs are autotrophs.
D) All chemotrophs are heterotrophs.
E) All phototrophs are autotrophs that can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
35. Which statement is FALSE regarding bacterial and archaeal cells?
A) Archaeal and bacterial plasma membranes consist of a thin bilayer of lipid
molecules penetrated by proteins.
B) Bacteria and archaea have group specific specializations in their cell envelope.
C) Archaea can have a single- or double-layered membrane.
D) Bacteria can have a single- or double-layered membrane.
E) Both bacteria and archaea have a layer of peptidoglycan in their cell envelope.
Page 7
, Test Bank - Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition (Nelson, 2018)
36. Which organelle does NOT consist of a double membrane?
A) mitochondrion
B) ribosome
C) chloroplast
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi body
37. Which method is MOST useful when fractionating cellular organelles?
A) centrifugation
B) precipitation
C) chromatography
D) restriction digest
E) peroxidation
38. Which organelle is NOT found in plant cells?
A) ribosome
B) lysosome
C) chloroplast
D) vacuole
E) mitochondrion
39. Which reason is MOST probable for why carbon is used in living organisms but not
silicon?
A) Carbon can make four bonds, whereas silicon can only make three.
B) Carbon can make double bonds, but silicon cannot.
C) Carbon can form more preferred geometries when bonding.
D) Carbon is lighter, and therefore its bonds are stronger.
E) Silicon is heavier, and therefore its bonds are stronger.
40. Which group includes the four most abundant elements in living organisms?
A) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, iron
B) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
C) carbon, hydrogen, phosphorous, oxygen
D) carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen
E) carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen
Page 8
