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NSE111 EXAM REVIEW 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Assessment: collection of data important to client's health status
or situation in order to fully understand client's priority needs
Diagnosis: analysis of assessment data to determine key issues
and make clinical judgements in the form of a nursing diagnosis,
involves creation of outcomes or goals for client's situation
Planning: creating plan that identifies strategies to reach
outcomes or goals
Implementation: carrying out plan
Evaluation: reflection on success of reaching outcome
DIPPS
Dignity: preserve their dignity; the state of feeling worthy, valued
and respected
Independence: patients need to do what they can for themselves
Preference: clients need to make choices and explain how they
want to have things done
Privacy: clients need to know that their bodies and their affairs are
treated respectfully and protected from public view
Safety: safe from harm; clients need to live in an environment that
is as hazard free as possible and feel secure about the care
provided
Dipppers
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Dignity
Independence
Partner
Preference
Privacy
Empathy
Respect
Safety
Stages of infection development
Incubation period: interval between entrance of pathogen into
body and appearance of her symptoms
Prodromal stage: interval from onset of non-specific signs and
symptoms to more specific symptoms; in this time micro
organisms grow and multiply and patient may be more capable of
spreading disease to others
Illness stage: travel when the patient manifest signs and
symptoms specific to type of infection
Convalescence: interval when the acute symptoms of infection
disappear and the body tries to replenish its resources and return
to state of homeostasis; length of recovery depends on severity of
infection and patient's general state of health: may take several
days to months
localized infection
an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and
has local symptoms
systemic infection
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an infection throughout the body
Infectious agent aka pathogen
Bacteria (strep, salmonella), virus (influenza), fungi (athletes foot,
thrush), protozoa (malaria)
Transient Microorganisms can spread on surfaces and cause
disease when....
They're sufficient in number, The microbe is virulent, survives and
enters host, and the host is susceptible.
Resevoir
site where pathogens can survive but may or may not multiply;
human body, animals, food, water, insects, objects; carriers don't
show symptoms but can spread; require ideal environment for
survival including food, oxygen (spores are aerobic), water, temp
(35-37 degrees), pH (5-7), minimal light
portal of exit
a way for the infectious agent to escape from the reservoir in
which it has been growing:
Body openings, breaks in skin, breaks in mucus membranes,
blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excretions.
portal of entry
A way for the infectious agent to enter a new reservoir or host;
same as exit.
Cuts and breaks in the skin, mucous membrane...
mode of transmission
route of transmission by which pathogen travels from reservoir to
a host.
direct contact
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infected person physically touches host; examples include STDS,
cold sores, aids
indirect contact
Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another
by contact with a contaminated object.
droplet transmission
sneezing, coughing, laughing, leading to droplets reaching
someone else.
airborne transmission
residue from evaporated droplets; much smaller than an actual
droplet.
-it gets inhaled, as it lies in the air
vehicle transmission
transmission by an inanimate reservoir (food, water, air)
ex: flint water supply carrying lead which infected many people.
vectorborne transmission
transfer of an agent to a susceptible host by living organisms such
as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks
- can be insects or pets
Susceptible host (chain of infection)
A person that lacks the ability to resist infection by an infectious
agent.
- depends on their degree of resistance to a pathogen
- healthy individuals are less likely to develp and infection
- consider virulence and number of organisms
- young, older, or persons with chronic diseases are vulnerable.
hospital acquired infection (HAI)
NSE111 EXAM REVIEW 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Assessment: collection of data important to client's health status
or situation in order to fully understand client's priority needs
Diagnosis: analysis of assessment data to determine key issues
and make clinical judgements in the form of a nursing diagnosis,
involves creation of outcomes or goals for client's situation
Planning: creating plan that identifies strategies to reach
outcomes or goals
Implementation: carrying out plan
Evaluation: reflection on success of reaching outcome
DIPPS
Dignity: preserve their dignity; the state of feeling worthy, valued
and respected
Independence: patients need to do what they can for themselves
Preference: clients need to make choices and explain how they
want to have things done
Privacy: clients need to know that their bodies and their affairs are
treated respectfully and protected from public view
Safety: safe from harm; clients need to live in an environment that
is as hazard free as possible and feel secure about the care
provided
Dipppers
, Page | 2
Dignity
Independence
Partner
Preference
Privacy
Empathy
Respect
Safety
Stages of infection development
Incubation period: interval between entrance of pathogen into
body and appearance of her symptoms
Prodromal stage: interval from onset of non-specific signs and
symptoms to more specific symptoms; in this time micro
organisms grow and multiply and patient may be more capable of
spreading disease to others
Illness stage: travel when the patient manifest signs and
symptoms specific to type of infection
Convalescence: interval when the acute symptoms of infection
disappear and the body tries to replenish its resources and return
to state of homeostasis; length of recovery depends on severity of
infection and patient's general state of health: may take several
days to months
localized infection
an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and
has local symptoms
systemic infection
, Page | 3
an infection throughout the body
Infectious agent aka pathogen
Bacteria (strep, salmonella), virus (influenza), fungi (athletes foot,
thrush), protozoa (malaria)
Transient Microorganisms can spread on surfaces and cause
disease when....
They're sufficient in number, The microbe is virulent, survives and
enters host, and the host is susceptible.
Resevoir
site where pathogens can survive but may or may not multiply;
human body, animals, food, water, insects, objects; carriers don't
show symptoms but can spread; require ideal environment for
survival including food, oxygen (spores are aerobic), water, temp
(35-37 degrees), pH (5-7), minimal light
portal of exit
a way for the infectious agent to escape from the reservoir in
which it has been growing:
Body openings, breaks in skin, breaks in mucus membranes,
blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excretions.
portal of entry
A way for the infectious agent to enter a new reservoir or host;
same as exit.
Cuts and breaks in the skin, mucous membrane...
mode of transmission
route of transmission by which pathogen travels from reservoir to
a host.
direct contact
, Page | 4
infected person physically touches host; examples include STDS,
cold sores, aids
indirect contact
Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another
by contact with a contaminated object.
droplet transmission
sneezing, coughing, laughing, leading to droplets reaching
someone else.
airborne transmission
residue from evaporated droplets; much smaller than an actual
droplet.
-it gets inhaled, as it lies in the air
vehicle transmission
transmission by an inanimate reservoir (food, water, air)
ex: flint water supply carrying lead which infected many people.
vectorborne transmission
transfer of an agent to a susceptible host by living organisms such
as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks
- can be insects or pets
Susceptible host (chain of infection)
A person that lacks the ability to resist infection by an infectious
agent.
- depends on their degree of resistance to a pathogen
- healthy individuals are less likely to develp and infection
- consider virulence and number of organisms
- young, older, or persons with chronic diseases are vulnerable.
hospital acquired infection (HAI)
