VTNE PREP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026

VTNE PREP EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026




65% - ANS What % of oxygen makes up body mass?


Skeletal - ANS Muscle which is voluntary, striated, w/ multiple peripheral nuclei?


Smooth - ANS Muscle which is involuntary, nonstriated, w/ a single central nucleus?


Cardiac - ANS Muscle which is involuntary, striated, w/ single central nucleus + intercalated
discs?


Skin - ANS Which is the largest, most extensive system of the body?


C7, T13, L7, S3, Cy20-23 - ANS Canine vertebral formula


C7, T13, L7, S3, Cy5-23 - ANS Feline vertebral formula


C7, T18, L6, S5, Cy15-21 - ANS Equine vertebral formula


C7, T13, L6, S5, Cy18-20 - ANS Cattle vertebral formula


C7, T13, L7, S5, Cy16-18 - ANS Goat vertebral formula

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,C7, T13, L6-7, S4, Cy16-18 - ANS Sheep vertebral formula


C7, T14-15, L6-7, S4, Cy20-23 - ANS Swine vertebral formula


Atlas - ANS First cervical vertebra


Axis - ANS Second cervical vertebra


Medial to lateral - ANS How are metacarpal bones numbered?


Ligament - ANS Join bone to bone


Tendon - ANS Connects muscle to bone


Origin - ANS Where a muscle attaches; more stable


Insertion - ANS Where a muscle undergoes most of the movement during contraction


Sarcolemma - ANS Muscle cell membrane


Sarcoplasmic reticulum - ANS Organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium ions


Sarcomere - ANS Contractile unit of muscle


Cerebrum - ANS Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body - largest
part of the brain



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, Cerebellum - ANS Area of the brain responsible for motor, coordination of movement,
posture, reflexes


Gyri - ANS Folds in the cerebrum


Sulci - ANS Shallow grooves of the cerebrum


Diencephalon - ANS Contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland


Thalamus - ANS Part of the brain responsible for regulating sensory input (temperature and
pain)


Hypothalamus - ANS Part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state
(homeostasis)


TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) - ANS The hormone which stimulates the growth and
secretions of the thyroid gland


ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - ANS The hormone which stimulates the growth and
secretions of the adrenal cortex


FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) - ANS Hormone which stimulates the growth and
secretions of the follicles of the ovaries


LH (luteinizing hormone) - ANS Hormone which stimulates ovulation and aids in the
maintenance of pregnancy


ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone) - ANS Hormone which stimulates testosterone
secretions in males




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