Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type I/DKA
UNFOLDING Reasoning/Jack Anderson,
9 years old Questions and Answers
Graded A+
Islets of Langerhans - Correct answer-cell clusters in the pancreas that form the
endocrine part of that organ
The islets number in the millions and allow for reserve capacity such that _____%
of insulin secreting cells must lost before dysfunction occurs - Correct answer-70%
What supplies the islets blood? - Correct answer--each islet is supplied by at least
one major arteriole
Where does blood from the islet cells drain into? - Correct answer-hepatic portal
veins
4 major islet cell types - Correct answer-beta cell (predominant- 60%) = secrete
insulin
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,alpha cells = secrete glucagon
delta cells = secrete somatostatin
PP cells = secrete pancreatic polypeptide
What do beta cells secrete - Correct answer-insulin
what do alpha cells secrete - Correct answer-glucagon
2 key hormones that orchestrate fuel storage - Correct answer-insulin and glucagon
Relationship of insulin and glucagon and affects on blood glucose - Correct
answer-While glucagon keeps blood glucose from dropping too low (glucagon
raises blood glucose), insulin is produced to keep blood glucose from rising too
high (insulin lowers blood glucose)
The two hormones counterbalance each other to stabilize blood glucose.
When blood glucose levels fall too low (low blood glucose), the pancreas pumps
out more glucagon. Glucagon raises blood glucose.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,When blood glucose levels rise too high (high blood glucose), the pancreas pumps
out more insulin. Insulin allows the cells in the muscles, fat and liver to absorb
glucose that is in the blood. The glucose serves as energy to these cells, or it can be
converted into fat when needed. Insulin lowers blood glucose
_________ maintains normal glucose levels during periods of fasting - Correct
answer-Glucagon
What produced Glucagon - Correct answer-alpha cells
Where is proglucagon expressed? - Correct answer--pancreatic islet alpha cells
-Intestinal enteroendocrine L cells.
- brain
The processing of proglucagon in the intestine result in ____________ - Correct
answer-glucagon-like peptides (GLP 1)
GLP-1 acts as an ________ - Correct answer-incretin
incretin - Correct answer-a hormone produced by the intestine which increases
insulin synthesis and release from the pancreas
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, Does GLP-1 have the same or opposite effect as glucagon? - Correct answer-
opposite
GLP-1 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (when glucose is present,
GLP-1 increase secretion of insulin, which lower blood glucose)
Glucagon raises blood glucose
What type of diabetes are GLP analogs used to treat? - Correct answer-T2DM
What inhibits glucagon secretion? - Correct answer-- intake of glucose directly
(example is by eating)
- indirectly via insulin release
What stimulates glucagon secretion? - Correct answer--amino acids
-caetcholamines
-cortisol
half life of glucagon - Correct answer-3-6 minutes
Glucagon maintains normal glucose by opposing the effects of insulin by..... -
Correct answer-- increase hepatic glucose output via release of glycogen stores
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
UNFOLDING Reasoning/Jack Anderson,
9 years old Questions and Answers
Graded A+
Islets of Langerhans - Correct answer-cell clusters in the pancreas that form the
endocrine part of that organ
The islets number in the millions and allow for reserve capacity such that _____%
of insulin secreting cells must lost before dysfunction occurs - Correct answer-70%
What supplies the islets blood? - Correct answer--each islet is supplied by at least
one major arteriole
Where does blood from the islet cells drain into? - Correct answer-hepatic portal
veins
4 major islet cell types - Correct answer-beta cell (predominant- 60%) = secrete
insulin
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,alpha cells = secrete glucagon
delta cells = secrete somatostatin
PP cells = secrete pancreatic polypeptide
What do beta cells secrete - Correct answer-insulin
what do alpha cells secrete - Correct answer-glucagon
2 key hormones that orchestrate fuel storage - Correct answer-insulin and glucagon
Relationship of insulin and glucagon and affects on blood glucose - Correct
answer-While glucagon keeps blood glucose from dropping too low (glucagon
raises blood glucose), insulin is produced to keep blood glucose from rising too
high (insulin lowers blood glucose)
The two hormones counterbalance each other to stabilize blood glucose.
When blood glucose levels fall too low (low blood glucose), the pancreas pumps
out more glucagon. Glucagon raises blood glucose.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,When blood glucose levels rise too high (high blood glucose), the pancreas pumps
out more insulin. Insulin allows the cells in the muscles, fat and liver to absorb
glucose that is in the blood. The glucose serves as energy to these cells, or it can be
converted into fat when needed. Insulin lowers blood glucose
_________ maintains normal glucose levels during periods of fasting - Correct
answer-Glucagon
What produced Glucagon - Correct answer-alpha cells
Where is proglucagon expressed? - Correct answer--pancreatic islet alpha cells
-Intestinal enteroendocrine L cells.
- brain
The processing of proglucagon in the intestine result in ____________ - Correct
answer-glucagon-like peptides (GLP 1)
GLP-1 acts as an ________ - Correct answer-incretin
incretin - Correct answer-a hormone produced by the intestine which increases
insulin synthesis and release from the pancreas
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Does GLP-1 have the same or opposite effect as glucagon? - Correct answer-
opposite
GLP-1 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (when glucose is present,
GLP-1 increase secretion of insulin, which lower blood glucose)
Glucagon raises blood glucose
What type of diabetes are GLP analogs used to treat? - Correct answer-T2DM
What inhibits glucagon secretion? - Correct answer-- intake of glucose directly
(example is by eating)
- indirectly via insulin release
What stimulates glucagon secretion? - Correct answer--amino acids
-caetcholamines
-cortisol
half life of glucagon - Correct answer-3-6 minutes
Glucagon maintains normal glucose by opposing the effects of insulin by..... -
Correct answer-- increase hepatic glucose output via release of glycogen stores
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
