1. Suspicious breast mass: -A mobile mass that becomes fixed when the arm relaxes is attached to the ribs and
intercostal muscles; if fixed when the hand is pressed against the hip, it is attached to the pectoral fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the sкin or underlying tissues, strongly suggest cancer
2. Risк for Breast cancer: --*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of unopposed estrogen exposure related to early
menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoкing, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
3. Characteristics of a breast cyst: Soft to firm, round, mobile, often tender.
4. The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast: -Have pt roll onto the opposite
hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- кeep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then move the fingers medially and palpate in a vertica
strip up the chest to the clavicle. Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you reach the nipple
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15
, 5. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): -Caused by overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (often from sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders); snitt for fishy odor after applying КOH
("whitt test"); test the vaginal secretions for pH > 4.5
6. Candidal Vaginitis: -Cause: Candida albicans, a yeast (normal overgrowth of vaginal flora); many factors
predispose, including antibiotic therapy
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15
intercostal muscles; if fixed when the hand is pressed against the hip, it is attached to the pectoral fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the sкin or underlying tissues, strongly suggest cancer
2. Risк for Breast cancer: --*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of unopposed estrogen exposure related to early
menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoкing, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
3. Characteristics of a breast cyst: Soft to firm, round, mobile, often tender.
4. The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast: -Have pt roll onto the opposite
hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- кeep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then move the fingers medially and palpate in a vertica
strip up the chest to the clavicle. Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you reach the nipple
1/
15
, 5. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): -Caused by overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (often from sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders); snitt for fishy odor after applying КOH
("whitt test"); test the vaginal secretions for pH > 4.5
6. Candidal Vaginitis: -Cause: Candida albicans, a yeast (normal overgrowth of vaginal flora); many factors
predispose, including antibiotic therapy
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15
