NSG222 Exam 1 – OB Questions and Answers
Terms in this set (81)
- painful menstruation and is a common problem in adolescence
Dysmenorrhea - aka cyclic perimenstrual pain
- classified as primary (spasmodic) or secondary (congestive
- painful menstrual bleedings in the absence of any detectable underlying
Primary dysmenorrhea pathology
- caused by increased prostaglandin production
- painful menstruation due to pelvic or uterine pathology
Secondary dysmenorrhea - caused by endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids, pelvic infection, an intrauterine
system (IUS), cervical stenosis, or congenital uterine or vaginal abnormalities
- the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea
Endometriosis - associated with pain beyond menstruation, dyspareunia, low back pain, heavy or
irregular bleeding, bloating, nausea, and vomiting, and infertility
- The majority of infertility cases are treated with drugs or surgery
- Treatment options include lifestyle changes, such as weight loss and smoking
Infertility, therapeutic management
cessation; taking clomiphene to promote ovulation; hormone injections to promote
ovulation; intrauterine insemination; and IVF
- physical or chemical devices that prevent pregnancy by preventing the sperm from
reaching the ovum
Barrier methods - Mechanical barriers: condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and sponges
- Chemical barriers: creams, jellies, foam, suppositories, and vaginal films
- mechanical & chemical can be used together
- made for both males and females from latex or polyurethane
Condoms
- available in many colors, textures, sizes, shapes, and thicknesses
- soft latex dome surrounded by a metal spring
- used in conjunction with a spermicidal jelly or cream, it is inserted into the vagina to
Diaphragm cover the cervix
- inserted up to 2 hours before intercourse and must be left in place for at least 6
hours afterward
, - smaller than the diaphragm and covers only the cervix
- held in place by suction
Cervical cap - may be inserted up to 36 hours before intercourse and provides protection for 48
hours
- must be kept in the vagina for 6 hours after intercourse and replaced every year
- nonhormonal, nonprescription device that includes both a barrier and a spermicide
- a soft concave device that prevents pregnancy by covering the cervix and
contraceptive sponge releasing spermicide
- inserted up to 24 hours before intercourse and should be left in place for at least 6
hours following intercourse
- achieved through administration of medication either vaginally or orally
Medical abortion
- use of two different medications, mifepristone and misoprostol
Mifepristone blocks progesterone, which is essential to the development of pregnancy.
taken 24 to 48 hours later, works to empty the uterus by causing cramping and
Misoprostol
bleeding
Complications of medical abortions incomplete expulsion of uterine contents, uterine infection, and heavy bleeding
Menopause effects on brain and central hot flashes, disturbed sleep, mood, and memory problems
nervous system:
Menopause effects on Cardiovascular lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased risk of CVD
Menopause effects on skeletal rapid loss of bone density that increases the risk of osteoporosis
Menopause effects on breasts replacement of duct and glandular tissues by fat
Menopause effects on Genitourinary vaginal dryness, stress incontinence, cystitis
Menopause effects on Gastrointestinal less absorption of calcium from food, increasing the risk for fractures
Menopause effects on Integumentary dry, thin skin and decreased collagen levels
Menopause effects on body shape more abdominal fat; waist size that swells relative to hips
- be willing to discuss sexual habits
- educate on protecting reproductive futures
STI, nursing management - encourage to complete antibiotic prescription, postpone sex as long as possible,
use barrier methods, avoid multiple partners, drugs/alcohol
- counseling & education on STI prevention
· Avoid douching
· Use condoms
· Avoid tights, nylon underpants, and tight clothes.
· Wipe front to back
Preventing vaginitis · Avoid powders, bubble baths, and perfumed vaginal sprays.
· Wear clean cotton underpants
· Change out of wet bathing suits ASAP
· Become familiar with the signs and symptoms of vaginitis
· Choose to lead a healthy lifestyle.
- most commonly reported bacterial STI in the United States
- highest rates of infection are among those aged 15 to 19 years
Chlamydia - Worldwide, it is likely the most common infectious cause of infertility in women
- Asymptomatic
- Newborns can develop conjunctivitis from infected mothers
- antibiotics (doxycycline, ceftriaxone, azithromycin)
Chlamydia, therapeutic management
- common coinfection with gonorrhea, so a combo of these are prescribed
Terms in this set (81)
- painful menstruation and is a common problem in adolescence
Dysmenorrhea - aka cyclic perimenstrual pain
- classified as primary (spasmodic) or secondary (congestive
- painful menstrual bleedings in the absence of any detectable underlying
Primary dysmenorrhea pathology
- caused by increased prostaglandin production
- painful menstruation due to pelvic or uterine pathology
Secondary dysmenorrhea - caused by endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids, pelvic infection, an intrauterine
system (IUS), cervical stenosis, or congenital uterine or vaginal abnormalities
- the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea
Endometriosis - associated with pain beyond menstruation, dyspareunia, low back pain, heavy or
irregular bleeding, bloating, nausea, and vomiting, and infertility
- The majority of infertility cases are treated with drugs or surgery
- Treatment options include lifestyle changes, such as weight loss and smoking
Infertility, therapeutic management
cessation; taking clomiphene to promote ovulation; hormone injections to promote
ovulation; intrauterine insemination; and IVF
- physical or chemical devices that prevent pregnancy by preventing the sperm from
reaching the ovum
Barrier methods - Mechanical barriers: condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and sponges
- Chemical barriers: creams, jellies, foam, suppositories, and vaginal films
- mechanical & chemical can be used together
- made for both males and females from latex or polyurethane
Condoms
- available in many colors, textures, sizes, shapes, and thicknesses
- soft latex dome surrounded by a metal spring
- used in conjunction with a spermicidal jelly or cream, it is inserted into the vagina to
Diaphragm cover the cervix
- inserted up to 2 hours before intercourse and must be left in place for at least 6
hours afterward
, - smaller than the diaphragm and covers only the cervix
- held in place by suction
Cervical cap - may be inserted up to 36 hours before intercourse and provides protection for 48
hours
- must be kept in the vagina for 6 hours after intercourse and replaced every year
- nonhormonal, nonprescription device that includes both a barrier and a spermicide
- a soft concave device that prevents pregnancy by covering the cervix and
contraceptive sponge releasing spermicide
- inserted up to 24 hours before intercourse and should be left in place for at least 6
hours following intercourse
- achieved through administration of medication either vaginally or orally
Medical abortion
- use of two different medications, mifepristone and misoprostol
Mifepristone blocks progesterone, which is essential to the development of pregnancy.
taken 24 to 48 hours later, works to empty the uterus by causing cramping and
Misoprostol
bleeding
Complications of medical abortions incomplete expulsion of uterine contents, uterine infection, and heavy bleeding
Menopause effects on brain and central hot flashes, disturbed sleep, mood, and memory problems
nervous system:
Menopause effects on Cardiovascular lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased risk of CVD
Menopause effects on skeletal rapid loss of bone density that increases the risk of osteoporosis
Menopause effects on breasts replacement of duct and glandular tissues by fat
Menopause effects on Genitourinary vaginal dryness, stress incontinence, cystitis
Menopause effects on Gastrointestinal less absorption of calcium from food, increasing the risk for fractures
Menopause effects on Integumentary dry, thin skin and decreased collagen levels
Menopause effects on body shape more abdominal fat; waist size that swells relative to hips
- be willing to discuss sexual habits
- educate on protecting reproductive futures
STI, nursing management - encourage to complete antibiotic prescription, postpone sex as long as possible,
use barrier methods, avoid multiple partners, drugs/alcohol
- counseling & education on STI prevention
· Avoid douching
· Use condoms
· Avoid tights, nylon underpants, and tight clothes.
· Wipe front to back
Preventing vaginitis · Avoid powders, bubble baths, and perfumed vaginal sprays.
· Wear clean cotton underpants
· Change out of wet bathing suits ASAP
· Become familiar with the signs and symptoms of vaginitis
· Choose to lead a healthy lifestyle.
- most commonly reported bacterial STI in the United States
- highest rates of infection are among those aged 15 to 19 years
Chlamydia - Worldwide, it is likely the most common infectious cause of infertility in women
- Asymptomatic
- Newborns can develop conjunctivitis from infected mothers
- antibiotics (doxycycline, ceftriaxone, azithromycin)
Chlamydia, therapeutic management
- common coinfection with gonorrhea, so a combo of these are prescribed
