PALS ANATOMY EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATED VERSION JUST RELEASED

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PALS ANATOMY EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATED VERSION
JUST RELEASED


Question: Why do children have a high metabolic rate? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔O2 demand per

kilogram of body weight is high. O2 consumption in infants is 6 to 8 ml/Kg per minute,

compared to 3 to 4 mL/kg per minute in adults.




Question: Children develop hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia more quickly than adults bc of their

- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Higher metabolic rates




Question: If a child has apnea or inadequate alveolar ventilation what can they develop

quicker? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia and develop more rapidly




Question: respiratory problems can result in? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Hypoxemia, Hypercarbia,

a combination or hypoxemia and hypercarbia (increased CO2 in blood).

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Question: O2 saturation? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin

(SaO2) in comparison with the amount of oxygen the hemoglobin can carry (SpO2).




Question: Normal spontaneous breathing can be described as what? - CORRECT

ANSWER✔✔Breathing which is quiet with unlabored, smooth inspiration and passive expiration




Question: What are the important factors associated with increased WOB? - CORRECT

ANSWER✔✔1 Increased airway resistance


2 Decreased lung compliance


3 Use of accessory muscles or respirations


4 Disordered CNS control of breathing




Question: Whats airway resistance? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The impedance to airflow within

the airways, is primarily increased by reducing the size of the conducting airways, either by

airway constriction or inflammation.

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Question: Turbulent airflow causes? How does airflow become turbulent? - CORRECT

ANSWER✔✔Also causes increased airway resistance.




Airflow becomes turbulent when the flow rate increased, even if the airway size remains

unchanged.




Question: Increased airway resistance does what to WOB? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔WOB

increases in an attempt to maintain airflow despite the increase in airway resistance.




Question: Larger airways provide ________ __________ to airflow than ________ - CORRECT

ANSWER✔✔Lower resistance, smaller




Question: as lung volume increase what happens to airway resistance? - CORRECT

ANSWER✔✔Airway resistance decreases as lung volume increases




Q:The adult larynx is cylindrical with the narrowest opening at the level of the vocal cords

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The larynx of infants and young children is funnel shaped. The airway continues to taper below

the vocal cords to the cricoid cartilage, which is the narrowest point, and it creates a

nondistensible ring - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔




Question: In infants and todlers the tongue and epiglottis are relatively large and can

contribute to airway obstruction. In addition the larynx is positioned more superiorly and

anteriorly than in adults. The airway is always anterior to the esophagus. The cricoid cartilage is

the only complete cartilage ring located below the vocal cords - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔




Question: What is the main function of the respiratory system? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Gas

exchange is the main function




Question: What is gas exchange? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Air is taken into the lungs with

inspiration. from there O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, where some O2 dissolves in

plasma.




Question: Most O2 that enters the blood is? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Attached (saturated or

bound) to hemoglobin.