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ABC's of Psychology ✔Correct Answer--Affect
How you present yourself (Facial Expression), doesn't truly express how you think/feel, outside
cover, feel/ have certain emotions
Feeling, emotion, mood
Behavior
Habits, daily/weekend, what everyone else should see, visible to others, observed, act/behave a
certain way towards a topic
The observable or measurable activity
Cognition
the thought process, knowing what's going on around you, belief/knowledge of a subject
The process involved in knowing (to think)
Psychology as a discipline ✔Correct Answer--Studies the relationship between the brain with its
function, and the environment with behavior
Fixed Mindset ✔Correct Answer--The belief that intelligence is static
Characteristics of Fixed Mindset ✔Correct Answer--Avoids challenges, give up easily, see effort as
fruitless or worthless, ignores useful negative feedback, feels threatened by success of others. In
result, people with growth mindsets plateau early and achieve less than their full potential.
Growth Mindset ✔Correct Answer--The belief that intelligence can be developed
Characteristics of Growth Mindset ✔Correct Answer--Desire to learn, tendency to embrace
challenges, persist in the face of setbacks, see effort as the path of mastery, learn from criticism, and
finds lessons and inspiration in the success of others. As a result, they reach even higher levels of
achievement.
Do learning styles exist? ✔Correct Answer--People more strongly identify with different learning
styles, but there is no scientific evidence that supports that there are truly fundamental differences
in the way people learn.
Worst ways to study ✔Correct Answer--Highlighting, underlining, rereading, summarizing,
cramming the night before
Best ways to study ✔Correct Answer--Spreading out information over time and learning a little bit
each day is the best way to train your brain to hold and use information.
Testing Effect ✔Correct Answer--The most effective way to study in order to retain information for
long periods of time is by testing yourself. Testing trains your brain to access stored information in
the same format as you would on an exam.
What can you do to have a healthy brain? ✔Correct Answer--Eat healthy, get regular exercise, and
get enough sleep
, Sleep effect on learning ✔Correct Answer--Sleep is important for forming memories. Learning
information before going to sleep will help you form more memories than you otherwise would of if
you learned information earlier in the day. Sleep deprivation can have negative effects on mental
performance and muscle control.
Exercise effect on learning ✔Correct Answer--Exercises benefits mental performance by providing
short-term oxygen boosts to the brain as well as maintaining healthy and efficient blood supply to
the brain, improving mental performance and learning capacity.
Diet effect on learning ✔Correct Answer--Health diets ensure than an organ as sensitive as the
brain have all of the available resources to work at an optimal level
Self-handicapping ✔Correct Answer--An action / behavior that prevents people from being
responsible for failure. A response to an anticipated loss of self-esteem.
Stereotype threat ✔Correct Answer--Performance in any given situation may be influenced by the
treat of being negatively stereotyped.
The fear that when faced with a negative stereotype, that one's performance with confirm that
stereotype is true.
(When told that a competition was based off of innate athleticism, african american subjects
performed better than white subjects. When told that a competition was based off of strategy, white
subjects performed better than african american subjects. In each case, stereotypes trigger beliefs
and fears in the subjects that became self-fulfilling)
Intentional Blindness ✔Correct Answer--Lack of attention that is not associated with any vision
defects / deficits. When all of a persons attention is focused on one things, an individual will fail to
recognize an unexpected stimulus that is in plain sight. (become blind to other things going on -
texting and walking)
Cognition ✔Correct Answer--Mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding
through thought, experience, and the senses
(THINKING)
Metacognition ✔Correct Answer--thinking about thinking. Becoming more aware of the thought
process itself. (Example - double checking your work)
Automatic cognition ✔Correct Answer--Requires little to no cognitive resources in order to perform
a task. Automatic tasks be done at the same time as other tasks without compromising the
performance of the two tasks. Done quickly and seem "automatic." (Experienced driver - talking and
driving, listening to music and driving)
Controlled cognition ✔Correct Answer--Requires cognitive resources in order to perform a task.
Since cognitive resources are limited, when someone does two things at the same time that both
require conscious processing, the tasks will be perform not as well as performing a task individually.
(Learning how to drive)